The recent outlook for digital color printing faces the era of the fourth revolution
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Electrophotography
Electrophotography, which is well known as electrophotography and electrophotography, has been widely used in plateless printing. It was invented in 1938 for Chester Carson and developed by Xerox in the 1950s for copying. By 1970, the Xerox 9700 handy photocopying machine was originally used in digital printing systems.
The protagonist of electrophotography is a light conductor. First, the surface is subjected to corona charging in the dark. The image of the projected light at the place, the electric charge on the photoconductor disappears, and the electrostatic latent image appears. An oppositely charged dry or wet powder is applied to the site to form an image. This image is transferred to a substrate and fixed with heat or solvent vapor and other methods. The light source used for copying is an ordinary white heat lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a strobe flash lamp, and the like.
The main body of electrostatic printing uses laser or LED light source to print from the digital data of the computer. In the digital color printing system of the electrophotographic system, there are currently used, tested, and published, etc. The details are as follows: Indigo E-Print 1000, Xeikon DCP and OEM users (Agfa, IBM, Barco), Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Digital 2, Toray Color Printer, Scitex Spontane, Xerox Docucolor 40, T / F Systems, other colors Copy system, a variety of laser color printers.
Electrophotographic digital printing machine
The Indigo E-Print1000 is an electrophotographic method using laser imaging. It uses a special liquid powder and has the same structure as a monochromatic offset printing plate. It has a printing plate, a blanket, an impression cylinder, a paper feeding device, and a delivery device. The printing machine is 800dpi, which can solve the printing of 6 colors. The 4-color printing has a printing speed of 1000 sheets per hour.
The most unique feature of E-Print is the use of electrostatic inks and the presence of heated blankets in image transfer systems. The electrostatic ink is a micron-sized pigment dispersed in a thermoplastic resin and diluted with mineral oil.
Immediately after laser irradiation, it acts on the photoconductor and is transferred to a heated blanket. The ink that has been melted on the blanket, that is, the pigment and the resin, is transferred to the cooled paper for fixing. Although the adhesion of electrostatic ink to paper is an important factor, paper can be printed without treatment.
Indigo also introduced a new system that improves quality and extends the life of consumables. It is like extending the life of the plate and blanket, improving the boxed structure of the electrostatic ink, and the Oneshot Color web press for labels, packaging, building materials, and more. The so-called OneShot is to integrate the images of 4 colors or even 6 colors on the blanket and transfer them to the paper to obtain the printed matter. The registration and corresponding webs have been improved.
Xeikon DCP -1 (Belgium) is an 8-unit electrostatic web press that double-sided 4-color printing. Exposure to the photoconductor in the press was performed by an LED, and an image was obtained with a resolution of 600 dpi. The intensity of the spot changes in 64 steps. Apply dry powder of 2 ingredients to Agfa for each strength. The printing speed is 1,050 sheets per hour.
The image is composed of a single-wire network cable, which adapts to the demand of the color material, and the line width can be continuously changed. The colors are printed at different screen angles. Xeikon's engines are used in Agfa Chromapress, IBM 3170 digital presses, Barco presses and more.
The new second generation Xeikon DCP /32D was released in 1996. That is made up of new hardware, software, consumables, etc., which improves quality and productivity, and costs are reduced. The improved toner and developer, etc., improved the operating conditions, reducing the toner consumption by 10-20%, and the developer life exceeded the A4150 sheets before the improvement. The depth of the toner is also increased, and the production cost and maintenance cost are reduced. The effect is that the life of the drum is also increased by 200,000 or even 300,000 times.
Color copying and digital printing systems
The color photocopier is used to make a number of partial monochrome prints or four color prints. When this type of photocopier is controlled by a color servo, it becomes a short-run digital color printing machine (less than 500 sheets). The Canon CLC500 was first used as a digital color press, after which the PS controller was loaded. Xerox published the 5775 color copying system in November 1991, and in 1993 it was introduced by Agfa, Canon, Minolta, Xerox, etc.
In 995, Scitex introduced the Spontane color copying and digital printing system, and T/R introduced the Micro Press 312. Xerox published the DocuColor 40 digital printing system in 1996. The tone of these is basically the same, which is the conversion of high-speed color photocopiers into printing presses. A3 paper can be printed about 40 pages per minute.
The T/R Micro Press 312 is an engine 2, 4 or 6 unit equipped with a Canon 360PS electrophotographic laser color printer, consisting of Windows NT's 133MHz Pentium PC (currently up to 200MHz), Harlequin RIP, OPI software, etc. PressDirector to get started. The system has a unique software called Automatic job passing. This is the software that will properly summarize the output from each printing unit according to the work requirements.
In addition to the color copying and digital printing systems mentioned above, there are other copying devices that are also used for digital color printing. As a device having a color servo, there are, for example, Agfa XC315, Canon CLC550/700, CLC800 with a single drum of 400 dpi, 31 ppm (single-sided) CLC1000 with a 4-roller engine, Minolta CF900, Ricoh NC5006, Xerox 5775, Majestic & Regal 5700, and the like.
The earliest laser digital printing system was published in 1978 as the Xerox 9700 handy printer. After that, it released the IBM 6670, 3800 laser printer, Kodak 100/150/250 high-speed electronic printer. All are monochrome printers, which are low-power products below 300dpi and have limited operating speed.
In 1989, Xerox published the 600dpi DocuTech, which processes 279x 432mm files at 135 frames per minute. Almost at this time, Kodak introduced the 1392LionHeart. This is a 300dp power supply for a 300dpi electronic printer.
The pioneers of the four-color laser printers were Canon, Hewlett-Packard, QMS, Tektronics, and others. Since the end of 1995, including the OEM engine, various new laser color printing systems have been released, and the Apple Color Laser Writer 12/600PS with Canea HXLBP engine has been installed, which is a 3ppm (color) and 12ppm at 600dpi. (monochrome) device, and Canon 360PS with EFI Fiery XJE controller 600dpi, 3ppm (color) installed.
The Hewlett-Packard Color Laserjet is basically a Konica-loaded engine that produces four-color images on the image cylinder at 300dpi 2ppm (color) and 10ppm (monochrome) speeds, and transfers them all at once onto the paper. A device that obtains a color image.
The IBM Network Color Printer installed the Canon P320 and 600dpi color laser printers introduced as engines in 1996 with a 100MHz EFI Fiery XIE controller and Adobe PostScript Level II.
There are three boundaries to any printing system that uses electrophotography.
(1) There is attenuation on the charged potential on the photoconductor, and the exposure and development time has a great influence on the image density.
(2) The behavior of the toner is very complicated and has not been known so far, and the cost is also changed due to the change in the characteristics of the toner production batch.
(3) The liquid color material is used as an isotope. Ventilation is required due to dispersion of the colorant into volatile organic compounds.
Due to the above constraints and the high price of the electrophotographic color proofing system, the electrophotographic color proofing equipment other than Kodak Signature supported by Kodak has withdrawn from the market.
Inkjet printing
Inkjet printing plays an extremely important role in digital printing. Compared with other digital printing, it is not technically complicated, and the equipment is simpler than printing and copying. It is widely used due to its characteristics of printing quality, color adaptability, low consumables, and no noise.
Such as the above, A.B.Dick (Videojet) and Mead Digital were the pioneers of digital printing in the 1970s. However, when these devices are used, since they require a large-capacity memory and a large-capacity computer, the actual use is greatly promoted. At present, the memory of the Gigabit Information Group has become a general, the processing power of the computer has been significantly improved, and the use of inkjet has finally become a reality.
There are basically two types of inkjet
(1) A continuous ink jet type in which ink droplets are continuously generated to have an image while being deflected.
(2) The ink drop on-demand type corresponding to the signal.
In the case of continuous ink jetting, there are three types of continuous ink jet which split the flow of the liquid ink into small ink droplets and impart a charge to make it biased.
(1) refers to a type in which an ink droplet that has received a charge is deflected in accordance with a desired position on the paper, and an unnecessary ink droplet is returned to the ink tank for recycling.
(2) refers to the type in which the ink droplets without charge are directed toward the paper, and the charged ink droplets are sent back to the ink tank for recycling.
(3) Refers to the type in which all the ink droplets are charged and controlled according to the bias caused by electricity.
A.B.Dick Videojet belongs to the type of (1), while Mead Digital belongs to the type of (2), in addition to the Hertz device used by Scitex /IRIS Graphics and Dupont's color proofing system for the type of (3).
There are also two models for ink drop on demand. That is, a device using a piezoelectric effect and a thermal inkjet type, in a piezoelectric printer, a voltage pulse is applied to a crystal having a piezoelectric effect to cause pressure on the image head. Epson printers that use this pressure to discharge ink droplets are of this type.
As for the thermal inkjet system, there are two models, namely (1) foam jetting; (2) utilizing corresponding changes in solid ink.
For foam jet printers, a heating resistor is attached which vaporizes the liquid ink to produce ink and vapor that rush toward the surface of the paper. Canon and Hewlett-Packard's color printers take advantage of this principle.
As for the type of corresponding change in solid ink, a heater that dissolves the bulk solid ink is attached. The droplets are formed by heating, and are ejected by the vibration of the pressure. The droplets of ink collide with the paper and return to the solid phase to form an image. In this system, Tektronixs is the best of the technology for any paper that can be used at a low cost to achieve a laser-like image quality.