Printing classification
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Classified by print layout
According to the printing layout, printing can be divided into four categories: letterpress printing, lithography, gravure printing and stencil printing.
If the magnifying glass with a large magnification is used for careful observation and comparison, it is possible to roughly determine which printing it belongs to in the appearance of the printed matter.
Any ink printed on the line is piled up in a concave copper plate or a concave steel plate. Because the ink of the intaglio plate is mostly piled up in a deep groove, the ink is thicker.
Any picture is faintly covered with white lines, and the dark part is thick, and the bright part is light. It is a common gravure print. The reason why there is a white line grid pattern is faintly covered. This is because the screen is added with a drying wire to prevent the blade from scraping the ink in the groove of the printing.
Where the center of the line or dot is darker, the edges are not neat, and there is no pile up, it is a lithographic print. The printed and unprinted portions of the plate are flat, and the edges are not flat due to water erosion. At present, most of the color prints in various countries are printed in lithography.
Where the back of the printed paper has slight marks and bulges, the edges of the lines or dots are neat, and the ink is light in the center, it is a letterpress print. The edges of the raised print are heavily pressed and thus have a slight impression bulge.
Where the picture is covered with crepe, like a cement wall for washing stones, the dark part is darker, and the light part is lighter. The crepe pattern is formed by shrinking after development by the development of the printing film at the time of plate making, which is similar to the valley formed in the orogeny movement, and is used to carry the ink.
Others such as bottles, curved surfaces and general circuit board printing, multi-hole printing.
Classified by printing process
According to the printing production process, there are direct printing and indirect printing.
Direct printing is that the printing ink is in contact with the substance to be printed, and the ink is transferred to the printed matter. All the letterpress presses (the latest rubber or plastic version of the rotary press) and gravure presses, as well as the oldest lithographic hand-printing lithography machines, are all direct printing.
Indirect printing means that the printing ink needs to be transferred to the cylinder (Cylinder) first, and then the ink is moved to the printing material by the blanket cylinder. One of them is called the rubber printing machine.
Direct printing version, the print is reverse, the indirect printing version, and the print is positive.
Classified by printing principle
According to the printing plate, there are printing parts and non-printing parts in the printing process, the principle of producing printed matter can be divided into physical printing (Physical Printing) and chemical printing (Chmiacal Printing).
Physical printing means that the ink is completely a kind of stacked load on the printed part. If there is no printed part, it is concave or convex. It is different from the height of the printed part and can not be stained with ink. Therefore, part of the printing ink is transferred to the printed matter, which is a physical mechanical effect. Generally gravure printing, letterpress printing, stencil printing, lithography, and the like. All are physical printing (printing surface is higher or lower than non-printing surface).
Chemical printing means that the printing plate does not have a printed portion (non-printing surface) that does not contain ink, and is not due to the low unevenness or occlusion of the portion, but is due to chemical action, which causes the film to absorb water and ink. . The printed part (printing surface) absorbs ink and water, and the non-printing part absorbs water and rejects ink. The mutual repelling of water and oil is still a physical phenomenon, but in the printing process, the unprinted part is continuously placed in the sink solution. To supplement the water-absorbing and ink-repellent film, it is necessary to add an acid and a gel-like substance to supply a source of a carboxyl group-containing mucus acid layer, so that the non-printing surface portion of the printing plate can be kept from being contaminated by grease, so that it is chemically printed. The lithographic rubber printer printing belongs to this category.
Classified by printing color
According to the color display of printed matter, it can be divided into two types: monochrome printing and multi-color printing. Monochrome printing is not limited to black ones. Anyone who displays prints in one color belongs to this category.
Poly Color Pritning is divided into three categories: Cosing Method, Register Method and Multi Color.
The color enhancement method is to add another color in the double line range in the monochrome image to make it more clear and vivid, which is good for reading. This method is used in the prints of children's books.