Printing and World Wide Web (1)
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First, the introduction
Printed matter is a medium for disseminating scientific and cultural knowledge; it is an indispensable material basis for education; it is a means of decorating goods and promoting goods. Regardless of natural sciences, culture and art, commercial finance, or our clothing, food, housing, and travel, there are indispensable prints, such as books, newspapers, and people's main spiritual foods. Toothpaste, washbasins, and towels all have printed footprints. Office stationery and paper are The world of print, banknotes, securities, trademarks, and posters do not need to be printed. Examples like this are too numerous to mention. The printing industry mainly serves the publishing industry, the national economy, and the daily needs of the people. It can be said that every move of our life, one scene and one thing is inseparable from the printed matter, and printing has become an indispensable part of modern human life.
With the introduction of the first computer in 1945, the development of computers has been a thousand miles. Nowadays, computers are also deeply rooted in everyone's life. Similarly, computers have a crucial impact on printing. Today's printing technology is dominated by electronic technology, which is the inevitable effect of the progress of the times. In the 1990s, the emergence of the Internet, the popularity of the World Wide Web, the rapid spread of information around the world, and the printing industry were deeply affected by it, and there will be a revolutionary transformation.
This paper attempts to explore the essence of printing from the two aspects of history and definition, and then analyze the relationship and influence of printing on the universal application of the World Wide Web.
Second, the history of printing
The invention of printing is a glorious chapter in the history of human civilization, and the great glory of establishing this great achievement belongs to the Chinese nation.
Since the invention of pens, papers, and inks, the work of copying pictures and texts began to unfold, initially with stamps and stones. Stamping, also known as stamp, was only used for the first time, and the area was small, only a few words. In the Jin Dynasty in the fourth century AD, there was a large seal that could hold 120 words. Tuo Tu, that is, lettering on the stone tablet, after the ink on the ink, and then printing the paper in it, then the black and white white rubbings, this method prevailed in the post-Chinese period. Both have prepared the technical basis for engraving.
Engraving printing is a technique of synthesizing two methods of stamping and rubbing. It is a method of obtaining a copy of a written text or a picture from the whole version of the reverse embossed manuscript. It was invented in the Tang Dynasty. Indian Buddhist scriptures or academic works.
In the early years of the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing, which is the main method of modern printing. The principle of this method is: pre-made single words, when printing, according to the documents to be printed, typesetting, and then directly printing or turning into a full-page printing, after printing, the words can be folded again. use. Since then, the government and the public have widely used movable type printing to copy books.
Later, printing was passed to Europe, and the German Gutenberg (Johann Gensfleisch Gutenberg 1395-1468) created modern movable type printing. The year he created was four hundred years later than the completion of the book, but the method has improved. He has achieved great success in the improvement of movable materials, the application of fatty inks, and the creation of printers, thus laying the foundation for modern printing.
In 1845, the first rapid press was introduced in Germany and the process of mechanization of printing began. Since then, with the rapid development of electronic technology, printing technology has also entered the stage of automation. Since the photosensitive resin plate was successfully developed in 1957, more than ten kinds of products have been produced in various countries, which is an ideal printing material. In terms of nailing, countries are striving to achieve automatic, high-speed, and linkage. In short, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, printing technology is rapidly changing its face.
Third, the definition of printing, elements
Printing is a method of copying text and images in a flat form. Its greatest advantage is that it can copy texts on various substrates in a large amount and economical manner, so as to facilitate the wide spread and long-term preservation of printed products. The general printing process can be summarized in the following five steps: original → photo → plate making → printing → nailing. The "printing" that the average person refers to is actually the collective name of the whole process.
The five elements that make up printing are: manuscripts, plates, inks, substrates, and printing machinery. If these factors continue to improve, it also means that the overall technology of printing is constantly improving. From the historical development process, we can easily find this phenomenon, especially printing plates and printing machinery. Until March 1989, when the World Wide Web rose in Geneva, Switzerland, and spread to the world in an instant, the basic elements of printing were also facing an unprecedented impact. This kind of impact is believed to lead the printing industry into a new era.
Fourth, the relationship between the World Wide Web and printing
World Wide Web (WorldWideWeb) is an Internet roaming tool and a global information network. The most attractive place for users at present is that the webpage is completely multimedia. All the information can be instantly displayed in front of the user through text, sound, animation, pictures, etc. on the screen, and in use. Learning is also very easy.
The impact of the World Wide Web on print composition is as follows:
a) dissemination of information
The invention of printing is known as the mother of human civilization. Its rapid development promotes the popularization of education and the exchange of knowledge, giving people a wide range of information; the World Wide Web has the same function and meaning. TimBernersLee, who created the World Wide Web, wanted to give computer users an easy way to access common information. It uses the concept of master-slave architecture to set up a special data server on a node on the Internet; any network user who needs the data in this server will execute the client on his own machine. After reading the program, and then connecting to the server through the network connection, you can browse and retrieve the data on the server. If someone wants to put some information into the world, it may be necessary to print hundreds of millions of papers in the past to make people aware of the news; but now, as long as the information is uploaded to the World Wide Web, people around the world, whether Eastern or Western, only need to With one button, you can get the information and it's very convenient.
b) Innovation of the manuscript
Among the elements of printing, the original is the most important. The original is the basis of plate making and printing. In the process of copying the entire print, the original style must be kept as much as possible. Therefore, whether it is a text original, a painting original or a photographic original, it must be properly preserved. However, with the universal application of the World Wide Web, whenever a person copies the information of a web page, the copy is no different from the original. In other words, saving the original is no longer an annoying problem.
In addition, because the World Wide Web integrates information forms such as text, sound, graphics, animation, video, etc., its lively sound and light effects are far more attractive than traditional manuscripts based only on text and graphics. Because of this feature, printing will face unprecedented innovation, it may no longer be limited to the copy of the plan, but will inject new elements of multimedia.
c) cost reduction
In the development of printing, we can find that the cost is high and the popularity is linked. When the cost of using good technology declines, the output of fine prints naturally increases, and popularization is also inevitable. Non-printing is currently the easiest printing method. It is characterized by the use of static or electronic induction to print toner onto the substrate without using plates and pressure. The most common ones are inkjet printing and dry printing. Since both methods can use ordinary paper, such as with a computer output device, the graphics can be reproduced at will. However, a small amount of photocopying (especially color photocopying) is costly, expensive, and not easy to popularize. However, if the World Wide Web is used, or a suitable color image is selected from the Internet, and then downloaded to its own computer and then printed, the cost is greatly reduced, which solves the congenital problem of printing (less printing, high cost).
d) Printing privatization
Based on the cost issue, in the past, a book or a private atlas was printed, and the price was very high. Coupled with technical limitations, quality production is often delivered to professional printing companies. But now through the World Wide Web, many of the advanced technologies that can be downloaded can be downloaded to a personal computer and applied flexibly. The user's personal creation space is greatly increased, the design of the webpage can be perfect, and the more rare users no longer have to worry about paper or ink problems.
V. Conclusion
Modern technology is changing rapidly. Printing technology is no exception. Many operating technologies and production equipment have been replaced by new operating methods and new machines. The new technology is quickly replaced by newer technologies. Prepress operating techniques are a good example. The manual typesetting was changed to mechanical typesetting for a long time; it was replaced by photo typesetting. With the development of computers, the changes have accelerated. Not only in terms of typesetting, but also in the separation of the color version of the film and the rapid transformation of the book.
The emergence and popularity of the World Wide Web is a revolution in the printing industry, which may change the nature of printing. Of course, it will take a long time to study. But in general, this change is positive. Cost reduction and personalization of printing, the author believes that it is an inevitable trend of modern printing, combined with multimedia, is the new direction of modern printing.
However, no matter how much change and impact the World Wide Web brings to printing, they all have a common mission. That is, "Growing knowledge and information, promoting human civilization," this will never change!