Preliminary study on emission reduction management of volatile organic compounds in printing industry
We are a big printing company in Shenzhen China . We offer all book publications, hardcover book printing, papercover book printing, hardcover notebook, sprial book printing, saddle stiching book printing, booklet printing,packaging box, calendars, all kinds of PVC, product brochures, notes, Children's book, stickers, all kinds of special paper color printing products, game cardand so on.
For more information please visit
http://www.joyful-printing.com. ENG only
http://www.joyful-printing.net
http://www.joyful-printing.org
email: info@joyful-printing.net
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Volatile Organic Compounds), in their literal sense, refer to organic matter that is volatile under certain conditions. Volatile organic compounds have certain effects on human health and the environment. There are several definitions depending on the influence and control object. For example, the US ASTM D3960-98 standard defines VOCs as any organic compound that can participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions. Definition of the US Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Volatile organic compounds are any carbon compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions in addition to CO, CO2, H2CO3, metal carbides, metal carbonates, and ammonium carbonate. The World Health Organization (WHO, 1989) defines total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) as a general term for volatile organic compounds having a melting point below room temperature and a boiling point between 50 ° C and 260 ° C. The international standard ISO 4618/1-1998 and the German DIN 55649-2000 standard for the general terminology of paints and varnishes define VOCs as: in principle, any organic liquid and/or solid that can self-expose at normal temperature and pressure. At the same time, the German DIN 55649-2000 standard defines a limit for the determination of VOCs, that is, any organic compound having a boiling point or initial boiling point lower than or equal to 250 ° C under normal pressure conditions.
In terms of environmental protection, VOCs are a key prerequisite for PM2.5 and O3 pollution. Therefore, the purpose of defining VOCs is very clear, in order to control air pollution, the definition of VOCs in China is not the same, but the basic principles are the same, with reference to Shanghai's "Integrated Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" (DB31/933-2015). Definition: An organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions or measures or accounts for defined organic compounds according to specified methods. The VOCs used for accounting or filing refer to organic compounds having a saturated vapor pressure of not less than 10 Pa at 20 ° C or a boiling point of not higher than 260 ° C at a standard atmospheric pressure of 20 ° C (or organic substances having corresponding volatility under actual production conditions), except methane. The content of non-methane total hydrocarbon (NMHC, Non-MethaneHydroCarbon) was used as a detection control index.
The printing industry uses a large amount of inks, thinners, fountain solutions, adhesives, coating liquids, varnishes, car wash water, etc. in the production process. These raw and auxiliary materials basically contain organic solvents that meet the definition of VOCs, and are in the production process. It is emitted to the atmosphere and is therefore a key industry for VOCs. Typical printing process VOCs generate and discharge nodes.
According to the measured data of the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, the typical plastic film solvent-based gravure discharge port untreated exhaust VOCs (characterized by NMHC) is 300~600mg/m3; typical dry composite discharge port untreated waste gas VOCs (characterized by NMHC) even reached 3500mg/m3; typical sheetfed offset discharges were treated with untreated exhaust VOCs (characterized by NMHC) of 30-100mg/m3; typical water-based flexo discharges were treated with untreated exhaust VOCs ( Characterized by NMHC) is 10~50mg/m3 (refer to Shanghai “Printing Industry Air Pollutant Emission Standard” (DB31/872-2014), the NMHC emission limit is 50mg/m3.)
With the advancement of VOCs emission reduction work, various local control policies have been introduced to manage and control VOC emissions in the printing industry.
1. Develop VOCs emission standards and VOCs emission reduction technical specifications
Up to now, Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hebei, Shandong and other countries have introduced local printing industry or related emission standards. The standard generally specifies the organized emission standards for pollution sources (chimneys), characterized by non-methane total hydrocarbons and total VOCs; the boundary concentration standards for the boundary are specified, characterized by non-methane total hydrocarbons and total VOCs; Characterized by non-methane total hydrocarbons. In 2018, the country will introduce printing industry emission standards. By then, the printing industry in the country will have a new emission standard. The introduction of standards can also be seen from the side, the discharge of VOCs in the printing industry is indeed a problem.
In line with the implementation of the standard, Shanghai formulated the Technical Guide for Volatile Organic Compounds in the Printing Industry in 2016. According to different printing processes, the guide proposes VOCs emission reduction from the aspects of source, process, management and end management. Similar documents have been issued in other provinces and cities.
2. sewage charges (tax) system
In 2015, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly issued the document “Measures for Volatile Organic Polluting Charges”, Finance and Taxation [2015] No. 71, which kicked off the VOCs sewage charges. Subsequently, the provinces and municipalities successively issued implementation rules and corresponding Fees. Up to now, the provinces and cities have introduced the charging standards.
The "Environmental Protection Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" will be implemented on January 1, 2018, which means that sewage charges will soon be converted to environmental protection taxes. The "Environmental Protection Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that the taxable amount of taxable atmospheric pollutants per pollution equivalent is 1.2 yuan to 12 yuan. After the implementation of the environmental protection tax regulations of various provinces and cities, the VOCs sewage charges should be exchanged for environmental protection tax. The department collects uniformly.
3. sewage permit system
In 2016, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Emission Permits, which stipulates that the required discharge permit refers to the application and commitment of the competent environmental protection department according to the pollutant discharge unit, and the discharge of the legal form of the discharge permit, the regulation and regulation of pollution discharge according to the law. The unit discharges the behavior and clarifies the environmental management requirements, and implements the environmental management system for the supervision and enforcement of the pollutant discharge units according to the pollutant discharge permit.
In 2017, the "Catalogue for Classified Management of Fixed Pollution Sources and Sewerage Licensing (2017 Edition)" stipulates that printing enterprises that incorporate sewage management include "the use of solvent-based inks or the use of coatings with an annual dosage of 80 tons or more, or the use of solvent-based diluents of 10 tons or more. Packaging and decoration printing business." It can be seen that the sewage permit system is mainly targeted at solvent-based packaging and decoration printing enterprises of a certain scale.
4. “13th Five-Year Plan” for the Prevention and Control of Volatile Organic Pollutants
In September 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other six ministries and commissions issued the "13th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Volatile Organic Pollutants". The program puts forward new requirements for the reduction of VOCs, including:
a. Strengthen the active emission control of VOCs. For the printing industry, it mainly includes triphenyl (benzene, toluene, xylene) and methylcyclohexane.
b. Increase industrial restructuring. Including shutting down “disorganized pollution” enterprises; strict environmental access, controlling the construction of solvent-based industries; implementing peak-peak production and regulating the productivity of enterprises in the heavy pollution season.
c. Accelerate the prevention and control of VOCs in industrial enterprises. For the packaging and printing industry, it mainly includes source substitution: vigorously promote the use of low (no) VOCs inks such as water, soybean-based, energy curing, and low (no) VOCs content of adhesives, cleaning agents, fountain solutions, car wash water, coating Liquid; strengthen process upgrades: for plastic flexible packaging, paper product packaging, etc., promote the use of (non-solvent) flexo printing and other low (no) VOCs discharge printing process. In the field of plastic flexible packaging, we promote the application of environmentally friendly composite technologies such as solvent-free and water-based adhesives; strengthen waste gas collection and treatment: comprehensive collection of waste gas, and construction of efficient treatment facilities to ensure compliance with standards.
Concluding remark
Since September 2013, the State Council issued the “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan” (referred to as “Air Ten”). The packaging and printing industry has been a key industry for VOCs emission reduction. The industry has never understood it and gradually understands it. Some enterprises have begun to actively reduce emissions, and the emission reduction methods have also gone from single end management to source control, process substitution, and production management. The main management policy that the author combs is actually the process and direction of corporate VOCs emission reduction.
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, source reduction and process substitution will be the focus of VOCs emission reduction. It is recommended that printing enterprises can gradually reserve corresponding process technology and production management capabilities, in order to take the initiative in the new round of VOCs emission reduction requirements. At the forefront of emission reduction.