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What is a staple joint material? What are the types of staple joint materials used for binding?
A: The seam-joining material refers to various materials that will be used to make a book or a book, such as a piece of a book or a sheet. The binding material for binding is of two types: wire type and wire type, and the wire type has cotton thread and silk thread. Synthetic fiber yarns, etc., and metal wires include iron wires, metal rings, and the like.
What is cotton thread? What are the specifications for binding cotton?
A: The cotton thread is a thread made of cotton fiber. There are two types of cotton for binding: glazing and non-glazing. The package is available in straight shaft or tower shaft. The tower shaft type is mostly used for lock wire processing. Its specifications are as follows according to professional standards: 42 yarns of 4 strands and 6 strands, 60 yarns of 4 strands and 6 strands of white wax tower line, the models are S424, S426 S604, S606, can also be written as 42S/4, 42S/6, 60S/4, 60S/6, where S represents the yarn, and the number under the diagonal indicates the number of strands.
What is the silk thread? What kind of books are used for the link?
A: The silk thread is a thread made of silk crepe. It is the earliest book binding material used in the history of our country. As early as the 15th century, in the history of China's binding, for the first time, the scattered sheets were made into posts and stitched into a book by line stitching. The stitching line used was the thread. Because the silk thread is similar in color to the paper, the texture is soft, strong, smooth, firm and durable. Therefore, the book after the stitching is flat and beautiful, but the silk thread is expensive, and it is generally only used for binding books such as high-grade wire and albums.
What is a synthetic fiber line? What kind of book is it used for?
Answer: Synthetic fiber thread is a kind of joint material that melts the polymer under high temperature and high pressure and then ejects the filament through the nozzle with very fine pore diameter. The connecting line made of synthetic fiber has high strength, can be used to staple the signature without breaking, has good firmness (more than 1 time higher than the cotton thread) and has no joint. In the lock line processing, the connector will not be stopped due to the disconnection or blockage of the hole, which will affect the production. Moreover, the line is slender, and the back of the book is not convex and flat.
The synthetic fiber thread can be used for the binding of the book, the sewing book, the sewing book, and the like, and the price is cheap, and it is a kind of connecting material with a large binding amount.
What is a hot melt line and what method is used for it?
A: The hot melt line is a linear joining material made of a heat-meltable polymer. When the temperature rises to a certain extent during binding, it melts and sticks to the paper. The materials used to make the hot melt line are mainly polypropylene or polypropylene.
The hot-melt line is mainly used for hot-melt line hot-pressing (usually called plastic line hot-binding). When hot-binding, the hot-melt line is placed at the end of the folding machine at the end-folding position, and the hot-head device is provided by the folding machine. The hot melt line is reversed on the crease of each signature, and is heated by the electric heating element on the hot head - the foot is made to melt and bond on the outer crease in an instant, and the other foot is coated on the back of the book. When the adhesive is applied (or when the cover is applied), the staples are bonded to each other and firmly joined together to form a book.
The hot melt link book is an advanced process, but it has not been valued and popularized for various reasons. If this kind of process can be widely used, it can replace the finishing and sewing of the lock line, the sewing order, the wire binding and the like, thereby saving a lot of manpower and material resources.
What is wire? What are the specifications for wire binding?
Answer: The wire is a kind of wire made of low carbon steel. The hot metal blank is rolled into a 5mm thick steel bar, which is then put into the drawing device to draw the wires of different diameters, and the drawing disk is gradually reduced. The pore size is processed by cooling, annealing, coating, etc. to form various specifications of wire. The specifications of the wire for binding are as follows according to the industry standard: 25# wire of 0.50 mm diameter, 24# wire of 0.55 mm diameter, 23# wire of 0.60 mm diameter and 22# wire of 0.70 mm diameter.
What is a metal ring and what kind of link is it used for?
Answer: The metal ring is a ring made of a wire with different diameters, such as steel wire, copper wire, iron wire, etc., which has a certain size and has a certain size. The metal rings for binding are roughly the following:
One is to wind the wire into a cylindrical spring shape or roll it into a long-shaped metal ring that can be directly pressed through the winding device. When binding, first punch the hole in the book that is bound to the book, and then the metal ring Insert it into the hole by hand or machine. This kind of metal ring is often used for the setting of calendars, etc., and its diameter is generally 0.55-0.70mm, and the surface of the wire can be colored, plastic coated, etc. as needed to prevent rust and increase the appearance of the appearance.
The second type is a round, semi-circular, U-shaped metal ring of various diameters made of copper wire, chrome-plated wire or spray-treated metal wire having a diameter of 1-2 mm. When binding, it can be fixed or not fixed in the cover (ie, on the cover or seal) or on the waist of the spine, and used as a loose-leaf book.
What is the binding material for binding? How many bonding mechanisms are there?
A: The binding material for binding refers to the material with excellent adhesive properties used in bookbinding. There are three kinds of bonding mechanisms, namely, osmotic bonding, attracting bonding and semi-permeable bonding.
What is osmotic bonding?
A: The infiltration bond is caused by the adhesive penetrating into the micropores on the surface of the two adherends, and the adhesive is bonded together by mechanical force. This bonding method is effective only for the adherent material whose surface can penetrate the bonding agent, and requires the liquidity of the bonding agent to be good, and can penetrate into the micropores (fiber pores) of the surface of the bonded object, and can be dried and solidified. Like two countless small hooks, the two adhesives are firmly hooked together, paper, cardboard. Fabrics and the like are all porous materials, and the bonding method used for binding is mainly osmotic bonding.
What is attraction bonding?
A: Attracting the bond is the adhesion between the binder and the molecules of the binder, bonding the two objects together. The attracting bonded bonded object itself has no penetrating ability, such as glass, porcelain, plastic, etc., relying on the adhesive's own strength, strong adhesive force, and the attraction ability of the polymerized molecules of the chain structure to attract and bind the two objects firmly. It does not require a certain amount of pressure like osmotic bonding.
What is semi-permeable bonding?
A: Semi-permeable bonding means that one of the two adherends has the ability to penetrate (ie, there are micropores on the surface), and the other has no penetrating ability (such as plastic, glass, etc.), and the two must be bonded together, such as paper and plastic. Bonding of the film, bonding of the paper to the coating material, and the like. The adhesive used in this bonding requires both the strength of attracting the bond and the liquid fluidity of the osmotic bond to achieve a good bonding effect.
What are the requirements for binding adhesives?
Answer: (1) Wettability requirements: Wettability refers to the degree of wetting of the bonded material by the bonding agent. Adhesives must be applied to each part of the bonded material that needs to be bonded to achieve the bonding requirements. If the bonded object can not completely wet the bonded part, it will cause poor contact between the two bonding surfaces, and it will not be strong after the bonding. Bubbles, separation, etc., resulting in defective products, so the bonding material should have good wettability in use.
(2) Mobility requirements: The fluidity of the binder refers to the flow properties of the binder during use. According to the specific conditions of the texture of the cement to choose different fluidity of the binder, in general, the better the fluidity of the binder, the thinner the binder, the lower the viscosity and the bonding strength; the poor fluidity and viscosity of the binder The bond strength is high (except for hot melt adhesives). Regardless of the fluidity, the binder itself must be uniform and moderate.
(3) Viscosity requirements: Viscosity generally refers to the degree of thickening of the binder (except for hot melt adhesives). The flow properties of the viscosity-reactive adhesive. In actual use, no matter which kind of adhesive, the viscosity value should be controlled within a certain range, and the viscosity value can not be arbitrarily increased due to poor bonding. According to the nature of the bonded object, the type and performance of the bonding agent, the bonding agent Appropriate control of viscosity can achieve good bonding results.
(4) Viscosity requirements: The viscosity of the bonding agent refers to the firmness of the two objects after bonding. The viscosity mainly depends on the cohesive strength of the bonding agent. The cohesive strength of the bonding agent can ensure that the bonded material does not adhere after bonding. Will fall off separately. The cohesive strength is determined according to the requirements of the adherent. If the cohesive strength is too large, the coating will be uneven and will not be applied. After the bonding, the paper will wrinkle and the warpage will be unequal; if the cohesive strength is too small Can't stick firmly.
(5) Bonding strength requirements: Bonding strength is an important criterion for bonding materials, that is, the firmness of bonding. The bonding strength can be tested by the following simple method: if the cover is coated with a coating material or a fabric, and bonded to the cardboard, the surface of the bonded cardboard should be peeled off when the cover material is peeled off for a certain period of time after the bonding is dried. On the next layer, the book and the cover are bonded and dried to achieve tearing or tearing off one layer, while the other layer is still bonded to the top to meet the requirements. (Source: 4a98.com)
(6) Requirements for the amount of the binder: The amount of the binder refers to the thickness applied to the adherend. When the wettability of the binder. When the fluidity, strength, and viscosity are all in compliance, the amount of the binder is the main link. Therefore, the requirements are as follows: 1 When the adhesive is applied, the adhesive should be applied evenly. Because the strength and fluidity of the adhesive are all qualified, as long as the applied adhesive layer is thin and uniform, the bonding effect can be achieved completely, and the thickness is uniform and thicker than the thickness. The application is much superior and reduces the amount of binder. 2 When the viscosity is not enough, do not make up for it by adding amount. Re-modulate or replace the adhesive. Also, in order to save trouble, the adhesive will be dispersed and spread after a large amount of accumulation, resulting in excessive penetration of moisture. Spilling or dispersing smearing is uneven, and there is a glue that sticks to the book, and the bond is not strong, which affects the quality of the book.
(7) Color requirements: The color of the adhesive directly affects the appearance of the book, so the adhesive should be transparent, translucent, white or white. However, some hot-melt adhesives need to be heated and melted. For example, EVA hot melt adhesives used in modern times must be heated according to the standard of technical parameters. The temperature of the glue cannot be increased casually, otherwise the temperature of the glue will be too high or take turns. Heating, long-term cleaning, etc., will cause the adhesive to age, darken the color, affect the appearance quality of the book, and even cause burning.
What are the major types of binding materials for binding?
Answer: There are many kinds of bonding materials for binding, and the sources are extremely wide. There are roughly the following categories: animal, starch-based, casein, natural resin, cellulose and synthetic resin.
What is animal bonding material, including which?
A: A kind of animal skin, intramuscular tissue and bone, after chopping → lime water soaking → washing → acid neutralization → water washing → heating → filtration → concentration → cooling setting → cutting → drying → inspection → crushing and other packaging Made of bonding material. Animal bonding materials are divided into three types: bone glue, gelatin and fish gel.
What is bone glue? What are the characteristics?
A: Bone gum is a kind of gelatin protein with low purity; its film is very strong and elastic after formation, but it is not resistant to water. When it meets water, it will cause the rubber layer to expand and lose its bonding strength, and its corrosion resistance is also poor. It will also change when the temperature is high and the humidity is high. The characteristics of bone glue are: low water content, fast drying, good setting, high bonding strength, good performance, low price and convenient use. It is the most used type of animal bonding materials.
How should bone glue be used?
Answer: When using, firstly soak the rubber block with equal or slightly more water (preferably with hot water) for about 8 hours to make it soft, then use a pot bath to heat to 65-85 °C, to be the fluidity of the gel. Evenly, the viscosity can be used as appropriate. The ratio of glue to water depends on the desired viscosity, typically 1:3. The bone glue has a small amount of precipitation during use, so it is necessary to add water while stirring, and it is necessary to note that it is strictly forbidden to add cold water during use, and the fluidity of the colloid is destroyed.
What is gelatin? How to use it?
A: The gelatin composition is similar to bone glue, but the purity is high and the colloid is transparent. It is a high purity scorpion protein. 3. The raw material for making gelatin is high quality fresh animal skin. Bone and scrap, gelatin can be added to the corresponding moisture before use, can be completely melted into the required glue at about 50 ° C, the usual temperature is 40-70 ° C, not less than 30 ° C can still be used. The method of use is the same as that of bone glue. It is an animal-like bonding material with higher grade than bone glue. However, because it is more expensive, it is generally used less. It is only used when pasting books such as high-end books and albums.
What is fish gelatin?
A: Fish gelatin is the best bonding material in animal glue. It is also the most expensive one in animal glue. It is made from scraps such as fish skin. It is produced and used in the same way as other animal glues. However, due to the high amount of materials obtained in fish in recent years, it has high efficiency and wide application, it is hardly used for the processing of bonding materials.