On the Significance of Establishing Great Printing Consciousness
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Modern printing is an important part of the information industry. It transforms intangible telecommunications, graphics and text into tangible and portable and exchangeable information. Therefore, printing is a tool for popularizing cultural education and disseminating knowledge. However, in addition, printing technology can be used not only for printing on paper, but also for printing on various materials such as silk, cloth, wood, metal, plastic, etc., so printing has become a kind of economic activity of various nationalities and countries. Special technology, its service target involves the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization, so the printing industry has become one of the important industrial sectors of each country and an indispensable industrial sector for the development of the national economy.
1. What is big printing awareness?
The so-called "big printing" is aimed at understanding the "printing" as a narrow concept of printing and printing, which has liberated the printing process and the printing industry from this small circle, so that it truly expands the printing technology. The field of application has built a solid foundation for the printing industry, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of serving the two civilizations of socialism. To establish a large printing awareness is to establish this awareness from the ideological and cognitive perspectives, in order to completely complete and achieve breakthrough small circles, and work hard to accelerate the modernization of the printing industry.
2. Expand the application range of printing technology
The so-called big printing awareness, the first is to expand the application range of printing technology. Over the years it seems to have formed a fixed concept: printing is printing and printing. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the publishing bureau under the Ministry of Culture, which is a state organ, or the subsequent independent national publishing bureau, has only tasked in managing the printing of books, magazines and catalogues. Others are not in the scope of their management, and thus in state organs. There has never been an industrial sector that manages “big prints”, and there has been no independent printing industry position in national planning and statistical projects.
Under such limitations, a closed management system has been formed: "Who uses, who builds, who manages." This kind of system has its historical objective reasons, and it also played a certain role at that time. However, with the development of the situation, it has undoubtedly hindered the progress of printing technology and the development of the printing industry. Or conversely, due to decentralized management, repeated construction on the one hand in development and construction has taken up too much investment from the state. On the one hand, there have been many enterprises with insufficient production tasks, and many valuable equipment are idle or insufficient. .
Some companies have proposed diversified operations in the case of insufficient production tasks. However, the so-called diversified operations are often limited to the scope of "trade" or "tourism". If enterprises have suitable conditions to open up some trade or tourism business projects, it is naturally not blamed, but the true diversification of printing enterprises, It is still necessary to expand the business scope of the enterprise from the basic conditions of the enterprise and a little more tooling and equipment.
When we went abroad to study, we often heard a verbal message: except for water and air, all fixed forms are useful for printing. It sounds like this is too exaggerated, but after careful study it is a very real concept: printing can play its role in such a wide place.
Recently, the Beijing Printing and Information Station undertook the task of “Beijing Commercial Printing Research and Market Development Countermeasures”. In its report, it pointed out that a very wide range of commercial printing is what all printing companies should research and develop. Since this topic is for book and newspaper printing companies to "make adjustments to product structure and bring printing to people's lives", it is understandable to refer to other printing activities as commercial printing.
In fact, all "commercial printing" is the field of printing activities, because in addition to the printing field for spiritual civilization, printing technology also has an equally important printing field for material civilization, so strictly speaking, books and periodicals The printing of newspapers is also commercial printing.
Thus, we can broadly divide printing into eight categories: book printing, newspaper printing, security printing, textile printing (excluding dyeing), packaging printing, building material printing, office automation printing and other sporadic printing. Printing can be done not only on paper, but also on silk, wood, metal, plastic, glass, ceramics and other materials. It is also possible to print not only on a flat surface but also on various shapes on a round surface.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the weakness of the printing industry itself, in addition to printing and printing, there was no ability to undertake tasks for other needs. Therefore, in the development process, security printing, textile printing, packaging printing, and building materials printing had to be carried out. For the development of their own businesses, they have held printing business, or built a special factory, or added a printing workshop in the factory. This special addition is necessary for the main product of the factory, but in terms of process and management. It is interlaced like a mountain, which increases the difficulty of production and technology management.
As of today, other industries have set a certain production capacity, but if you break through the narrow circle of printing, it is not too late to start researching and expanding the application range of printing technology. Business leaders who are familiar with printing operations and mastering printing technology, if they can expand their services, are helpful to the technological advancement and diversification of printing itself, or to the support of other industries. Therefore, it is one of them to speak out loud and establish the purpose of big print consciousness.
3. The development of printing and printing equipment and printing equipment industry
The so-called big printing awareness, the second is to reform the management system, play a comprehensive balancing role of planning work, and establish a printing industry system from the system engineering, which means that the printing industry and the printing equipment manufacturing industry that supplies its technical equipment are supplied. Its printing materials industry of various raw materials, equipment and papers is bundled together and becomes a part of the large printing industry. They are the basis of the printing industry. Only in this way can we build a modern printing industry with strong foundation and new technology.
We have a simple analogy. The big printing industry is like a modern airplane. The printing industry is the body. The printing equipment industry is the right wing. The printing equipment industry is the left wing. It must be assembled in order to form a complete service route. s plane. This analogy is appropriate. The technical transformation of the printing industry in China in the 1980s was due to the organization and coordination of the mechanical and electrical industry, the chemical industry, the light industry and the printing industry under the coordination of the State Economic Commission. With the support of the state, Under the leadership of the competent authorities, through the efforts of the employees of various enterprises, great success has been achieved.
In history, the invention of movable type printing in China was the earliest, more than four hundred years earlier than the Germans, but the popularity of type printing in China was more than a century later than the advanced capitalist countries. It was not until 1930 that the lithographic and engraving printing was completely replaced. The reason was that China's metallurgical industry, machinery industry and light industry paper industry were backward, and could not be synchronized with the progress of printing, regardless of mechanical equipment or equipment paper, long-term dependence. Imported abroad has greatly hindered the development of the printing industry. This printing industry does not have the lessons of a strong domestic industrial base and is worthy of summing up and learning.
In the 1980s, in the technological transformation of printing enterprises, we carried out technological transformations to printing equipment manufacturing enterprises, papermaking enterprises, ink manufacturing enterprises, photosensitive materials enterprises and other related equipment manufacturing enterprises, especially electronic computer manufacturing enterprises. The project and foreign imported projects have been put into production one after another, and have entered mass production. By the end of the 1980s, the following major equipment and equipment could be supplied domestically:
(1) Huaguang IV electronic typesetting system;
(2) Photosensitive film, PS plate, liquid photosensitive resin plate, zinc oxide plate and electronic color separation machine;
(3) Sheetfed offset printing machine, web offset printing rotary machine, two-color and four-color web offset printing rotary machine, three-side cutting machine, glazing machine, bronzing machine, indentation die-cutting machine;
(4) Hardcover linkage line, paperback binding line, saddle stitch binding machine.
In the early 1980s, we selected three major books and newspapers and newspapers as a model factory, equipped with imported equipment first, and then equipped with other cheap and suitable domestic equipment, other printing and color printing plants included in the technical transformation plan. In this respect, we strictly followed the principle of “improvement” and “popularity”, completed the technological transformation of large and medium-sized printing enterprises, and became the backbone printing enterprise in China.
4. Summarize historical experience and establish a large printing awareness
In the history of the development of the printing industry, we have provided both positive and negative experiences. We should sum up these valuable experiences and guide the progress of China's printing technology and the development of the printing industry.
Under the guidance of the national reform and opening up policy, we must deepen the reform of the system, overcome the limitations of the division of departments and regions, adhere to the principle of system engineering construction, and plan to develop our printing industry in accordance with the idea of large printing, in order to unify planning, organization and coordination. The combination of the way to jointly develop the printing industry.
According to the state-to-business management policy, the administrative management model of the past will be gradually narrowed down, and the management of the enterprise will be strengthened. The enterprise will become a relatively independent and self-financing economic entity. It will be liberated from the administrative constraints of the past authorities and open to the public. To become a social productive force, to undertake tasks for the production activities of all aspects of society, and to carry out diversified operations of enterprises, this is also an important aspect of invigorating large and medium-sized enterprises.
Now the state has put forward higher requirements for the associations and associations of civil organizations, and we must further develop the role of bridges and ties between enterprises and governments. Therefore, existing associations and societies should, under the guidance of large printing awareness, proceed from the overall situation, break through the limitations of departments and regions, jointly study and compile long-term development plans, and jointly organize various contradictions existing in the implementation of coordinated plans. The requirements of the national plan are better for the member units.
In the process of development, we should encourage technological progress in all aspects and develop new products. The association should give equal support to the new achievements and development of various system technologies, but in the competitive situation, we must pay attention to reducing the use of re-use. And repeat construction to play the industry coordination role of the association.
Therefore, we must establish a sense of "big printing" to sum up past experiences, formulate future development guidelines and plans, reform the state-to-business management system, and play the role of a socialist state-owned large and medium-sized enterprise in the next decade. , basically complete the technical transformation of China's printing industry and realize the modernization of the printing industry.