Experience sharing | Printing waste "five-step processing"
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With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the disposal of printing industry waste has received more and more attention. Most of China's printing plants are concentrated in cities with relatively developed economies. The cost of cleaning and disposal of waste is high, but the waste has caused serious pollution to the city. Therefore, the EPA requires the printing industry to reduce waste and must deal with it. Industry creates a dilemma.
To solve the problem of waste disposal, we must first reduce the waste at the source, and then do the recycling according to the characteristics of the printing industry waste. In addition, a waste combined treatment system can be established, which utilizes the funds and resources owned by each manufacturer, or jointly contributes to the construction or use of a waste treatment plant to solve the problem of environmental protection and waste reduction.
The wastes of the printing industry mainly include: waste paper, waste ink, waste ink cans, waste rags, waste plates, waste gas, waste chemical liquids, and the like. They come from all parts of the prepress, print and postpress stages. These wastes not only pollute the human environment, but also waste resources and money.
1 Reduce waste
The most effective way to minimize losses is to avoid generating waste in the first place. Reducing waste can help companies reduce operating costs, maintain environmental quality, reduce waste disposal costs, improve workplace hygiene and safety, reduce long-term responsibility, and demonstrate a good corporate image.
Before implementing the plan for reducing waste, the management department of the printing enterprise shall establish corresponding mechanisms to strengthen the management and guidance of waste reduction. Do as much as possible to use non-polluting or low-pollution industrial production technology, improve printing methods, process flow, change the structure of raw materials and printed products to avoid waste generation, and ultimately achieve the purpose of reducing pollution.
2 Management of printed materials
Improve the management of raw materials in the enterprise, achieve reasonable inventory control and efficient distribution and utilization, keep the storage and work areas clean and orderly, and ensure that all containers are labeled properly.
Carefully inspect the material prior to delivery and return to the supplier immediately if the material is found to be unsatisfactory.
Accurately record the amount of raw materials so that each reduction can be measured.
The date of purchase is marked on each container, and the "first purchase first" strategy is adopted to prevent the old material from being used up, and the new one is opened.
Regular inspections and maintenance are carried out to periodically check for leaks in containers and equipment.
Keep all containers sealed to prevent evaporation, spillage, or dry material.
Keep the waste liquid, reuse it after separation, or send it to the recycling department.
Protect unharmed materials from contamination.
Expired materials can be negotiated and assisted by some local departments that still have usage needs.
3 Prepress design and graphic processing
When decorating and creative, try to use the color, texture and color of the substrate itself to avoid over-printing. Minimize the use of hot stamping, laminating and other processes while minimizing packaging materials while meeting the decorative requirements.
Using computer direct plate-making technology, the graphic information of RIP is directly output to the printing plate through the computer, the film of the intermediate link is removed, the steps of film output, development, fixing and printing in the plate making are reduced, and the silver-containing, The discharge of waste liquids such as benzenediol and other substances that are harmful to humans and the environment, and the damage of ultraviolet light to the human body.
4 Reduce major waste
The generation of waste is inevitable, but the amount of waste and the pollution generated can be reduced by effective means. The inks, cleaning agents and rags contain a large amount of organic solvents, which not only pollute the environment but also endanger human health. Be cautious about these three difficult wastes.
(1). Ink
Use inks that reduce pollution and save energy. To reduce the volatilization of organic solvents, use solvents that are solvent-free or low-solvent, such as replacing solvent-based inks with soy inks in lithographic offset printing, in gravure and flexographic printing. Then use water based inks. In addition, there are UV curable inks, electron beam curable inks, and the like.
(2). Cleaning agent
Use a low-toxic ink cleaner instead of a solvent such as gasoline. Use an ink cleaner to clean ink and oil. For other cleaning tasks, use soap or detergent. Use a small opening bottle such as a squeeze or spray to make a container to limit the amount of cleaning in the rag, because a small amount of cleaning agent can wipe off a lot of ink. When using an automatic cleaning device, place a dish under the rubber roller to collect waste detergent and ink.
(3). Rag
Repeat the use of the rag, using a dirty rag as the first scrub, then use a clean rag as the second scrub, using a recyclable rag instead of a disposable rag. If a one-time scrub is used, the cleaning agent should be separated as much as possible before processing, using stranding or centrifugal filtration. The used rag and the failed cleaning agent should be placed separately in a sealed container.
5 Recycling of printing waste
A good start is half the success. The above prevention work has greatly reduced the generation of waste. However, in actual production, waste gas and waste are inevitably produced. This requires special collection of various wastes generated during the printing process. And then recycling the characteristics of these wastes. For example, materials that are difficult to degrade and harm the environment, such as film and plastic film, are uniformly recycled by garbage collection stations for resource treatment or sanitary landfill.
At present, due to the process and other reasons, it is also necessary to use a variety of contaminating printing materials, such as oily inks, oily coatings, oily glazing, etc., the harmful and toxic gases generated during their use can be adsorbed by suction. , absorption, catalytic combustion and other methods to reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the working environment to reduce the pollution of harmful gases to the environment and human body. Other waste materials such as empty containers, lubricating fluids, etc. must also be collected for recycling.
Most of the printing enterprises in China belong to small and medium-sized enterprises, and many of them are located in the urban area. On the one hand, the willingness and ability to deal with pollution and prevention are obviously insufficient. On the other hand, the amount of waste is small, and the ability to handle it is relatively weak, and the application of waste combined treatment system in waste reduction in the printing industry can solve these needs.
The waste combined treatment system can be divided into two types: a common treatment system and a joint treatment system. One is a common processing system, and a printing plant that produces similar wastes jointly invests in a treatment plant (field) to handle the printing industrial waste generated by the company. The other is a joint processing system, in which a printing company that produces similar wastes joins a society with waste disposal capabilities, and jointly invests in a treatment plant (field), which is responsible for processing printing industrial waste.
By establishing a waste combined treatment system, we can truly solve the problem of hazardous and difficult to handle waste. Such as the recycling and disposal of waste inks and ink tanks, the discharge and recycling of waste developer and waste water, the recovery and disposal of solvents, and the cleaning and destruction of machine wipes and ink waste rags. China is now vigorously promoting sustainable development strategies, so it is imperative to promote a joint waste treatment system in the printing industry.