The stamp shows the price of the stamp. How is the stamp printed?
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If philatelists can meet a stamp that exceeds the imagination, it will be like the lottery in the lottery lottery, which will attract everyone's attention. Recently, a stamp of the "National Mountain River and a Red" during the Cultural Revolution appeared in the Hong Kong auction market and was sold at HK$368. It was called "the sky price" and attracted the attention of many netizens and friends!
From the perspective of printing technology, stamps, like the renminbi, are a special kind of printed matter, and they are not of much value. Then, as an ordinary print, how is the stamp printed?
Stamp printing
The printing of stamps mainly uses gravure printing, which is because the gravure printing has better anti-counterfeiting. It is widely used in anti-counterfeiting printing. Gravure printing is characterized by a large amount of ink. Therefore, the thickness of the gravure printing line and the shade of the ink are varied. The graphic has a concave and convex feeling, various layers, clear lines, and easy identification, which brings great difficulty to counterfeiting. Gravure is the first printing technology used in the field of anti-counterfeiting.
In terms of stamp printing, China's hand-engraved gravure technology is world-class. The hand-carved knife style and artistic style are unmatched by other plate making methods. The portraits of Chinese and foreign banknotes have always been hand-carved, and hand-carved to express the characteristics of the characters. The hand-carved deep-printed product has a thick ink layer, good hand feeling and strong anti-counterfeiting. However, there are two problems in hand-carving. Firstly, it is inefficient and not suitable for rapid production. In addition, because the hand-engraving must use a knives, the engraved stencil is a "V" shaped groove in the depth direction. The ink storage property of the groove of this shape is not so good. If the concave method is used, the ink in the groove is easily wiped out, and the ink layer of the printed line is not sufficiently thick and thick. This is two issues that must be solved. In solving the problem of efficiency, when carving portraits abroad, the portrait is enlarged and the image is enlarged and corroded. After the manual carving, the enlarged portrait copper plate is used as a template; using this template as a mold, the shrinking machine is used to shrink on the steel plate. Engraving portraits that meet specifications. Sensible heat, engraving copper plate is easier and more efficient than directly engraving steel plate. As for solving the "V" shape of the groove, it is necessary to exploit the potential of the etching gravure process. The etching gravure process directly etches a single-open graphic film on a copper plate coated with a photosensitive material. The hardness of the copper plate is low, and other high-hardness plates can be pasted on the back of the copper plate. Or charge a layer of copper on a harder lining. The copper plate which has been treated with improved strength after being single-opened is pressed on a 1mm-thick plastic plate by a hot press, and the plastic plate is made into a large plastic plate by precision cutting and high-frequency welding, and a large plastic plate is used. The copper plate is flipped, the copper plate is re-turned to the nickel relief plate, and the nickel intaglio plate is finally available for use on the machine. The intaglio plate made by this etching process has a U-shaped groove, and has good ink-storing performance, and the printed product line has a thick ink layer and strong hand feeling. Moreover, the method of etching can make small texts and very thin lines. Now the size of the miniature text can be 150-m, so that the small concave printed text can only be seen under the magnifying glass, and it is clearly visible.
The gravure invisible image made by the etching method has good refractive index and obvious color change. At the same time, the gravure method of this method solves the problem of the ink storage amount of the gravure pattern, and also solves the problem of low efficiency of hand engraving. However, in the large version of the corrosive method, it is necessary to use the process of imposition, electroplating and multiple piracy to make the printing plate. This also has the problem of inefficiency. To solve this problem, people have been exploring whether to use the etching method. The technical problem of directly making a gravure on the machine.
Application of laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology in stamp printing
Laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology is a high-tech anti-counterfeiting technology that emerged in the 1980s. It uses the basic laws of scattering, reflection, transmission, diffraction, interference, and absorption generated by the action of light and matter to obtain a special visual effect. At present, the technical means of utilizing optical anti-counterfeiting are multilayer dielectric film structures utilizing thin film interference effects, grating structures, and various types of laser holography techniques utilizing the concept of information light. It is characterized by the emergence of the molding process, which enables low-cost mass production of laser holograms, and the hologram itself contains a wealth of information, and the holographic logo cannot be copied simply by ordinary photolithography and printing techniques. Holograms are quickly gaining application in anti-counterfeiting security.
The application of laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology to stamp printing was in the late 1980s. The world's first stamp with a holographic anti-counterfeiting pattern was an 8-soul stamp issued by Austria on October 18, 1988. The stamp was exhibited at the International Chamber of Commerce Export Products Exhibition and was very popular. The stamp has three holographic patterns in the center, and a sailboat shape consisting of the A letter and MADEINAUSTRIA symbolizes the meaning of the exit. Later, on December 3, 1989, the US Postal Service issued a 25-cent prepaid envelope (a hologram was placed in the square opening in the upper right corner of the envelope, made by the American Banknote Hologram Company), and its hologram was a spacecraft on the track. space station.
Next, Finland, Hungary, Poland, Canada, Mongolia, Australia and many other countries have issued stamps of this anti-counterfeiting technology, making holographic anti-counterfeiting technology play a huge role in the anti-counterfeiting of stamps. China also issued such stamps in 1996. First, a souvenir cover was issued for the "Hong Kong 98" exhibition. The commemorative cover is adorned with a small round holographic pattern. The picture is a panda holding a bamboo. The stamp is a picture of a green bamboo forest. Later, on July 18, 1996, a commemorative stamp with a holographic pattern was issued to celebrate the 22nd China Stamp Exhibition. The picture of the stamp is a statue of a person flying around the earth, surrounded by airmail envelopes, planes, ships, trucks and other patterns. In addition, China's Xiangdao issued two postal postcards with holographic stamps on February 15, 1994. The hologram stamp on a postcard is a 1685 Victorian female worker's head. The postcard with this stamp is the 1920 Hong Kong waterfront. The hologram on the other postcard is a Queen Elizabeth II. The avatar, the picture of this postcard is the 1933 Hong Kong waterfront. AM network cable and FM network
The change of outlets is now attracting people's attention as a new anti-counterfeiting technology. It is gradually being used for security printing of tickets and has a good effect. The principle is to convert a continuous tone image, a character, a figure, and the like into a minute dot-dash line having a certain directivity, and form a latent image by changing the angle thereof. This pattern is not visible to the naked eye, but it will appear as soon as it is digitized. The FM network point is to transform the image into tiny dots, depending on the intensity of the dots to express the depth of the image density. If you copy with a copier, it will produce a moiré. The United States has adopted this type of anti-counterfeiting method in some stamps. The direction of the offset printing dot of the stamp is regular, and the direction of the dot is changed only in the latent image portion. It can't be seen with the naked eye, but it can be clearly seen on the postmark detector with lenticular lens.
Perforation security
This is one of the common footwork used in stamp security. We know that the stamps have to go through the perforated holes after the production. The earliest stamping holes on the stamps are for the convenience of tearing the stamps. Later, people gradually used the shape, arrangement, and density of the perforations for the anti-counterfeiting of stamps. In order to prevent the imitation of stamps, increase the value of their collection. Nowadays, the anti-counterfeiting technology of the perforation has been greatly improved, which has become an important aspect of stamp anti-counterfeiting.
In addition to the above, stamp anti-counterfeiting is also anti-counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting of special printing inks, anti-counterfeiting and so on. In short, most of the techniques and materials used in ticket anti-counterfeiting can be used in stamp security.
With the continuous development of anti-counterfeiting technology and materials, the anti-counterfeiting of stamps will develop to a higher level in the future. It can basically use the high-tech materials and technology used in ticket security. Of course, the anti-counterfeiting of stamps is not as urgent as anti-counterfeiting such as banknotes. Important, because the anti-counterfeiting of stamps on the value of use (ie mailing) does not make much sense, mainly because its face value is relatively low, and the counterfeiters spend more energy than they lose. The true meaning of stamp anti-counterfeiting lies in the collection value of treasures. However, since the collection value is proportional to the age and the number of the varieties, if the age is far, the paper quality of the stamps must be different from the new ones when the fakes are printed. The counterfeit products are easy to be discovered and lose their value. If the counterfeiters print in large quantities, they will lose the meaning of rare species, so they are also easily found and lose their value. Therefore, in general, stamp anti-counterfeiting is not important for anti-counterfeiting such as banknotes. But this does not mean that stamp anti-counterfeiting is not important. This can be explained by the case of rare stamps in the world.