The Seventh Technical Paper of the World Printing Conference - The overall impact of joining the WTO on the printing and equipment industry
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First, the main gap
Since the reform and development, China's printing and equipment industry has made great progress, but compared with foreign counterparts, China's printing industry and printing equipment industry still have a big gap. Below from printing and design
The two equipments are separately explained.
(1) Printing industry gap
The overall gap in the printing industry is: the general printing capacity is excessive, the high-end fine printing ability is insufficient, and the efficiency is not good. Specifically in:
The per capita printed matter is too small: China's printing industry has always been at the forefront of the world, but from the perspective of per capita behind. According to statistics, the annual per capita fee for printed matter in China is 3-4 US dollars, while Japan is 470 US dollars and 316 US dollars. China's per capita annual paper consumption is 5-7 kg, while Japan and the United States are 24O kg and 340 kg respectively.
Regional development is extremely uneven: East, Central and West, uneven development According to the relevant statistics in 1999, the 10 provinces and cities in the west account for 56% of the national area, and the population accounts for 23%. The printing industry (books, packaging, newspapers and others) The output value accounted for 16.3%. The development gap between the eastern, central and western regions itself is also very large. For example, the output value of the printing industry in Guangdong Province accounts for 10.1% of the output value of the national printing industry, and accounts for the percentage of the southern part of China. Shaanxi Province accounts for 7. L%, accounting for 75.3% of the Northwest. The output value of the printing industry in Tibet is less than 1.1% of the national total, and Guangdong is 10.5 times that of Tibet.
In general, the printing capacity is excessive, the high-end fine printing ability is insufficient, and the enterprise's efficiency is not good. The Press and Publication Administration surveyed 37O book printing companies last year, 90% of which can only produce single-shift production, and many companies even lack single-shift tasks. The decline in efficiency, in 1999, 1228 countries and provinces and cities designated book printing enterprises, loss of 454, accounting for 37%, profit and loss of only 40.5 billion yuan. Other book printing companies can imagine. In the newspaper printing industry, everyone thinks that it is the most effective. In fact, it relies on advertising to make profits, and printing newspapers does not make money. The advertising revenue is actually bitter and uneven. According to statistics, there were 36 advertising revenues of more than 100 million yuan in 1998. Among them, there are 16 over 200 million, 3 out of 300 million, 36 out of more than 600 million, 36 of which account for less than 2% of the total number of newspapers (about 2,200 national newspapers in 1998), and the total revenue of advertisements 70%. The remaining 30% of advertising revenues feed 98% of newspapers. It can be seen that a considerable number of newspaper printers are not doing well. There are also many companies in the packaging industry that have long-term losses or are on the verge of loss. According to 1999, 105 enterprises were required to be state-owned large and medium-sized and restructured.
In the survey of packaging and printing enterprises with better benefits, the profit-making units (per capita profit and tax of 10OO-5O00 yuan) accounted for 457%; the loss-making enterprises accounted for ZI%; the two together accounted for 667%. Much worse than the 1980s. Why is this happening, mainly because of the excess printing capacity, the lack of long-term tasks, the lack of high-end fine printing capabilities, strict quality requirements, and high profits.
Printing equipment is backward. Books, magazines, and packaging companies use a lot of inefficient sheetfed, two-color machines, and even backward oIs machines, and some places still use backward printing equipment. Many bookbinding companies still have a lot of manual operations. High-efficiency multi-color machine, although the import volume is large But it is only used in a few companies. Although newspaper printing companies have imported a lot of high-efficiency printing machines, most of the pre-press plate-making equipments still use traditional plate-making equipment. Only a few of the advanced CTP equipments have introduced foreign products.
The process is backward. At present, most printing companies still use traditional methods, and only a few companies have just begun to develop advanced digital processes.
The technical transformation funds of printing enterprises are seriously insufficient.
Management is backward. Most of the modern management systems of enterprises have not yet been established, and the quality of personnel does not meet the new requirements. The demand is 100,000 square meters, and about 90% need to be imported.
There are many small, full, large and comprehensive enterprises. The low-grade and repeated construction is serious, and there are too few specialized enterprises with strong competitiveness.
(2) The gap between printing equipment and equipment
The overall gap between the printing equipment and equipment industry is: low grade products, oversupply of medium and low-end equipment and equipment, or balance between supply and demand. High-end equipment and equipment mainly rely on imports.
Mainly manifested in:
1. The gap between prepress equipment: DRUPA 2000 International Exhibition shows that the basic development direction of the printing industry is: "digital, networked." The development of pre-press digital and networked makes the gap between China's products and foreign countries even greater.
(1) Digital equipment is mainly CTP plate making equipment and related supporting equipment. Although the prototype of the CTP equipment has been developed in China, it has not yet entered the actual use stage. There are still many gaps between its performance and foreign advanced level, and the quality has yet to be tested in time. More than half of the printing companies in the United States now use CTP platemaking equipment, while China has less than 20 imports.
CTP machine. The digital cameras and digital proofing machines that accompany them all rely on imports.
(2) Traditional low-end prepress equipment domestic products can basically meet the demand, high-end equipment basically rely on imports. Such as high-end scanners, high-precision automatic laser imagesetters, color printers, etc.
2. The gap between printing equipment: mainly the lack of automation, low level of intelligent control, and poor reliability. The supply and demand of middle and low-end products are balanced or oversupply, and high-end equipment mainly relies on imports.
(1) 1999 China imported a variety of printing equipment and spare parts 675 million US dollars, exports 16.18 million US dollars. The ratio of imports to exports is 4171. The ratio of imports to domestic sales is about 1.871. That is, domestic equipment accounts for about 35% of the total domestic market.
(2) 1999 Imported offset printing machine 3 buckets of 4.5 billion US dollars. About 70% of the domestic market. According to relevant information, only the sales of offset presses entering the Chinese market from Heidelberg in 1999-2000 are equivalent to the total sales of domestic offset presses in 1999. In the offset printing machine, the single- and two-color offset printing machines are dominant, while the multi-color offset printing machines with higher technical content are mainly imported. According to statistics, since the reform and opening up, imported multi-color sheetfed offset presses accounted for about tens of children in the domestic market and the market share of domestic sheetfed offset presses has been decreasing year by year. There are data indicating that imported sheetfed offset presses from 1998 to 1999 There are 420 sets and 79 sets of domestically produced machines. The market share of imported machines is 84.17%. In web offset presses, the situation is more serious. There are about 30 domestic web offset presses, and only one is domestically produced. More than 60,000 sheets/hour of multi-color web offset presses are used in the press.
(3) Nearly 200 sets of domestic printing of flexo printing machines above mid-range, accounting for more than 90% of the domestic market.
(4) More than 420 imported equipment for gravure printing machines above mid-range, most of the market is occupied by foreign machines.
(5)The digital printing machine with the development direction, the country has just started research, and now all rely on imports.
3. The gap between post-press equipment: mainly incomplete varieties, low product automation, low level of intelligent control, and high-end equipment mainly rely on imports.
(1) Currently, domestic die-cutting machines, paper cutters, saddle stitchers, etc. can basically meet the demand, only a small number of high-end equipment imports. The main difference is that the automation and intelligent control level of domestic equipment needs to be further improved, and the appearance quality needs to be improved.
(2) High-grade flat-mounted joint engine, high-grade hardcover joint engine, high-grade folder-gluer machine, bag making machine, high-grade glazing machine, round die-cutting machine, high-grade slitting machine, carton production line, dry-wet composite machine, ticket production There are also large imports of equipment such as lines. Domestic equipment is supposed to be low in automation and intelligent control, and reliability can be improved.
4. The main gaps in printing equipment:
There are many varieties of printing equipment, the overall gap is incomplete varieties, the quality of products is very poor, and high-end equipment mainly depends on imports.
(1) Offset plate: CTP plate, all rely on imports; domestic silver salt CTP plate has not been successfully developed, the international thermal CTP plate has become mainstream. Although the domestic CTP plate has research, it is too slow. Ordinary PS version, the production capacity is greater than the demand, some high-end PS version still needs to be imported, the negative PS version is basically imported.
(2) Flexo printing plate: medium and low-grade flexo printing plates can be produced domestically, and high-grade flexo printing plates need to be imported. According to statistics, the domestic demand in 1999 is 100,000 square meters, and about 90% need to be imported.
(3) film: At present, the quality of laser image film is mainly different from that of foreign countries.
(4) Ink: At present, mainly UV ink color inkjet printing inks, modern office supplies inks, thermosetting inks, etc. have a large gap with foreign countries, some quality needs to be further improved, and some domestic is still blank.
(5) Blanket: Ordinary blankets can basically meet domestic demand. High-grade air cushion blankets mainly rely on imported, domestic blankets, but still can not meet the needs of high-speed printing.
(6) Paper: High-grade printing paper and cardboard parts need to be imported. In 1999, domestic printing paper and cardboard were more than 8 million tons, and imported 6.5 million tons, accounting for 45%.
Second, the overall impact of joining the WTO
The influence of the WTO on the printing and equipment industry generally means that there are both opportunities and challenges, both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
(1) Adding WTO is conducive to promoting China's reform and opening up, promoting economic development and structural adjustment, promoting people's living standards, promoting the acceleration of China's urbanization process, promoting the demand for information and cultural products, and thus promoting the development of the printing industry. , bringing unprecedented opportunities for the development of printing and printing equipment.
(2) Challenge: After the addition of WTO, foreign-related enterprises have become the trend of the printing industry in China. The entry of foreign companies will be printed on China with their abundant funds, first-class equipment, scientific management and flexible management methods. Enterprises, printing equipment and equipment companies have a strong impact. This is the first point. Secondly, the development of high-tech and the advancement of digital networking will create new challenges for traditional printing and printing equipment enterprises. After the WTO, the challenges and impacts will be even more Direct and cruel. Only by transforming traditional industries with high technology is the only way out. Third, the withdrawal of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises from the general competitive field will inevitably lead to the adjustment of the system and product structure of the printing industry enterprises. A group of powerful large enterprises or enterprise groups will be formed, different regions, different industries, and different scales. The division of labor between enterprises enables SMEs to form economies of scale. The addition of the WTO will promote this major restructuring.
(I) Impact on printing companies
1. Opportunity:
(1) The printing market will continue to expand due to economic development, global economic integration and the development and application of new technologies, and the increase in imports and exports. Bringing new opportunities for the development of the printing industry.
(2) the tariffs on imported raw and auxiliary materials will be reduced, and the cost of printing enterprises using imported raw materials and auxiliary materials will be reduced.
(3) will promote the process of rural urbanization in China, expand the demand for stationery and information, and promote the development of the printing industry.
(4) Accelerate technological progress, accelerate the transformation of traditional high-tech printing enterprises, improve the efficiency and quality of printing enterprises, and enhance competitiveness.
2. Challenge:
(1) Finance of foreign investors, the development of foreign-owned and Taiwan-funded printing enterprises, with its strong strength, intensify market competition. If you don't adapt, you will be eliminated.
(2) short cycle, high quality, low price will be an inevitable trend in the development of the printing industry. Our existing equipment, management system, and talent quality are not suitable for the requirements of the WTO, and we must make more profound and painful changes.
(3) A large number of low-efficiency, low-quality, low-end equipment, backward technology, backward technology will accelerate the elimination. The large number of new technologies, new processes, high-efficiency, high-quality new equipment, our funding shortage, management and talent incompatibility will become more prominent.
(II) Impact on the printing equipment industry
1. Opportunity:
(1) Technology and management exchanges at home and abroad will develop faster, and international advanced technology and management will make it easier and faster to enter China. It is conducive to promoting scientific and technological progress of enterprises, improving management level and promoting the improvement of product performance, level and quality. It has created excellent conditions for China's equipment and equipment to reach the world's advanced level faster.
(2) With the development of the printing industry, the demand for equipment and equipment will increase, providing a better space for development.
(3) With the continuous reduction of import tariffs, the cost of imported spare parts will be reduced, which will help improve product quality and reduce costs.
2. Challenge:
(1) The performance and quality requirements of printing equipment are higher and stricter. Low-grade backward products, products with unstable quality and unreliable performance will be difficult to survive, which will inevitably lead to major adjustments in the structure and product structure of the enterprise.
(2) Foreign products will be more convenient to enter the Chinese market, including new equipment and two mobile phones, making the market more competitive.
(3) Foreign manufacturers will speed up the establishment of Taiwan-funded, trade-making, and sole proprietorship enterprises in China, and establish more powerful marketing organizations and teams, which will have a greater impact on domestic related enterprises.