The printing points of the thematic atlas
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The thematic atlas is a collection of maps that reflect the results of a particular discipline or research field. The mapping process is cumbersome, long-cycled, and complex. With the development of society and the advancement of printing technology, the application of thematic atlas in the national economy, urban management and social life has become more and more extensive, and people have put forward higher and higher requirements for its quality. There are many factors affecting the quality of the thematic atlas. This article will mainly introduce how to ensure the quality of the thematic atlas in the printing process, hoping to bring help to the peers.
Design production
1. Preparation of geographic base map
The geographical base map is the geographical basis of the thematic atlas. The storage, expression, transmission and extraction of the thematic information must be realized through the base map. The preparation of the geographical base map should be carried out as soon as possible. The first draft needs to be carefully proofread and used by the planner before the formal thematic map is officially prepared. In addition, the geographic basemap should reflect the distribution characteristics of the thematic content in the content selection, and make the drawing clear and easy to read without disturbing the thematic content. Pay attention to the following points during the production process.
(1) The choice of geographical factors such as water system, topography, residential areas, and roads should be reasonable, and the relationship between geographical elements should be correct.
(2) The color of the geographical base map should be lighter and lighter, and the number of colors should be less. Otherwise, the topic content cannot be highlighted.
(3) The specifications of the geographical basemap symbols and annotations should not be complicated. Under the premise of ensuring accuracy, the comprehensive degree of graphics should be appropriately increased.
(4) The preparation of borders such as national borders and provincial boundaries must conform to the standard drawing method prescribed by the authority publishing house and the national standard.
(5) The water system should be compiled reasonably, the relationship between the main tributaries should be clear, the grades should be clear, and the notes and labels should be correct.
(6) If there are latitude and longitude lines in the base map, the marking method of the latitude and longitude annotation should be standardized, and the angle of the annotation class in the geographical basemap should be consistent with the direction of the latitude and longitude lines.
(7) There should be no errors or omissions in the marking of country names and provincial surface notes.
2. The color design of the thematic atlas
Scientific and artistic are the basic principles for the development of thematic atlas. Traditional maps tend to focus only on science and light art, which affects readers' interest in reading. Today's maps are paying more and more attention to their artistic performance, that is, the requirements for visualization are getting higher and higher. The scientific content of the thematic atlas is expressed through its various art forms, such as symbols, colors, graphics, finishing, and surface configuration. Among them, the matching of colors has become one of the important criteria for evaluating the quality of thematic atlas. Colors ultimately need to be printed on paper, so color design depends on the printing equipment, etc., considering printing accuracy and print quality. In short, the following points should be noted when designing the color of the thematic atlas.
(1) Use different hue to highlight the categories of thematic elements, for example, blue for the ocean, green for the vegetation, and brightness for the difference in the number of thematic objects, especially for the different shades of the same hue. The increase or decrease, for example, the depth of the blue indicates the depth change of the ocean.
(2) Using the surface color to display the quality characteristics, correctly reflecting the inherent characteristics of different phenomena and the quality differences between them, the distribution range and relationship of each region. Considering the natural color of symbols is a certain symbolicity when expressing the topic of climate. The tropical climate zone is generally indicated in red, and the cold zone is represented by cyan. Use the contrast of cold and warm colors to reflect the changing laws of climate and deepen people's understanding of the special phenomena. In order to make the regions have obvious differences, the use of colors should be coordinated, and it is not possible to make a certain area particularly prominent. The other area is too dull. At the same time, in order to avoid excessive use of colors, non-adjacent areas can be reused. color.
(3) Use the gradient of color to express the dynamic development of the topic. For example, in the desert map, the direction of the desert is indicated by arrows. The color of the arrow generally ranges from deep to shallow, reflecting the strong wind direction.
(4) The symbols of the thematic elements should be clear, eye-catching and prominent. The base map symbols of the thematic maps should be elegant, not glaring, nor affect the display of other major elements on the map. The colors are coordinated.
(5) The higher the saturation of the color, the more vivid the color. When the color distribution on the map is used to represent the distribution range of the object, generally small-area, small-distribution objects use more high-purity colors to make them stand out. When setting a large area, it should usually be weaker to avoid excessive and glaring. The non-graphic work area is light in color, and it is recommended to use cool or neutral colors. The working area of the drawing is dark, and warm colors should be used.
3. Consistency requirements for thematic atlas
The consistency of elements, content and decoration in the thematic maps is one of the important criteria for measuring the level of map mapping. Pay special attention to the following points.
(1) The feature symbols in the legend should match the graphics and size of the feature symbols in the main image.
(2) The opening page and the color and content in this article should be unified and corresponding.
(3) The content of the catalogue and the title in the body should be the same.
(4) The position of the scale should be unified.
(5) If it is a national map, it should be noted that the thematic content of the drawings of the South China Sea Islands should be consistent with the main map.
(6) The texts such as the title, author, and publisher on the cover, spine, title page, copyright, and pre-text are to be unified.
The correction of the map is often repeated. For example, the title on the cover is often late, and it may be changed. The consistency of the title of the entire atlas cannot be ignored. The content, position, color and size of the book's book and corner code should be unified. . These are the contents of the later key proofreading. If there are mistakes, it may cause rework and even cause irreparable major economic losses.
Prepress link
1. Prepress processing in CTP workstations
The thematic atlas should be pre-pressed before printing to facilitate the post-press process.
(1) Extremely thin line processing. Lines with a width less than 0.076mm should be bolded to 0.08mm and above; monochrome lines and annotation fonts ensure that the dot size is 60% or more to ensure print overprinting accuracy and reading clarity.
(2) Imprint processing. That is, 100% black, more than 50% of gray and water-based monochrome blue lines and notes should be embossed to ensure that the printed background color does not leak. Note that the same hue in the background color of the water system is not embossed to avoid discoloration or coloring.
(3) Processing four-color ash. Due to the pre-production environment, four-color and three-color gray text or line drawings may appear in the thematic atlas file, which should be modified to monochrome gray or two-color gray.
(4) The process is broken. The maps are all displayed in the expanded page. In the later stage, the binding is usually applied by the binding method. There are more pictures, and the single page in front of the group is to be processed in the middle to ensure the quality of the finished product. Do not deal with it.
(5) The text and content within 3mm from the edge of the finished product should be shifted to ensure that the finished book is not broken.
2. CTP workstation pre-press data inspection and proofreading
The thematic atlas is characterized by professionalism, rich content and large amount of information. The pre-publication data should be checked and proofread to ensure that the content presented is correct.
(1) Check the correctness of the final data conversion format. Most of us currently use graphics processing software such as CorelDRAW, Illustrator, Mapgis, etc. All data should be converted to EPS or PDF format suitable for prepress processing. Among them, when using Mapgis to convert EPS, you should pay attention to the system library and font library settings. When using CorelDRAW to EPS, you should pay attention to whether the font is missing, whether the word is rotated, and whether the line type changes.
(2) In the process of data conversion, it is also necessary to check whether the shadows and transparency effects made in the figure have adsorption phenomena to avoid grid phenomenon.
(3) Before printing, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that affect the printing, binding and other processes such as the processing of extremely thin lines, four-color black, RGB or CMYK, and four-color imprinting.
3. CTP plate quality requirements
The plates of the thematic atlas are directly plated using CTP. The dot angle is Y90°, M75°, C15°, K45°, and the number of screen lines is 200 lines/inch. Layout requirements: The content on the printing plate is consistent with the customer's signature sample; the graphic and blank parts are not hardened and dirty; the layout can't be uneven, the flat net is even and flat; no bottom ash, 1%~98% The outlets are complete; the position and size of the mouth are correct, and the publishing information such as signal strips, plate numbers, names, and rules lines are complete.
Printing link
Thematic atlas has more geographical elements, thinner lines, and the accuracy of printing overprinting, ink color and quality are higher than the general printed matter. Therefore, the following points should be paid attention to in the printing process.
(1) Control the production environment. Paper deformation is a common problem affecting the quality of map printing and overprinting. It controls the indoor temperature and humidity to meet the printing requirements of map products, so as to effectively improve the overprinting accuracy.
(2) The amount of ink and printing pressure are effective control points for ensuring the quality of color reproduction.
(3) The consistency of the map color blocks should run through the entire thematic atlas. Therefore, in the printing process, the color consistency of each group must be ensured. After the same color block is signed, the color chasing is used as the standard.
(4) The maps of the thematic atlas are mostly presented to the public in the expanded page. During the printing process, the joint layout of the same layout and different layouts is checked at all times to ensure the consistency and consistency of the joint content and hue of each frame.
Binding and finished product inspection
There are many connection diagrams of the thematic atlas, and the binding method of the lock-line binding is often adopted. In the production process, the folding precision should be strictly controlled, and the operation process of the lock line and the glue-consuming operation should be controlled to prevent the finished book from being opened. Broken line. The atlas that is bound into a book cannot have blank pages, scrap pages, missing pages, and mismatched posts.
The inspection of the finished book is the key to the final assessment of the quality of the thematic atlas and the final link in the quality control of the thematic atlas. Inspectors should carefully check and accept the finished book in accordance with the national printing quality standards, ensure the printing quality of the thematic atlas, and present the high-quality and detailed atlas of science, art and practicality to the public and serve the society.