The new era of original color printing
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First of all, the limitations of the traditional printing in color are discussed. Because the traditional four-color printing color gamut is relatively small, the original tonal range cannot be completely reproduced. In addition, most of the current design processes are based on the RGB color gamut. The traditional printing standard has been After failing to meet the needs of customers, with the development of CTP, FM screening and multi-color printing machines in recent years, the original color separation technology has been promoted.
The CMY color ink we actually use is not the same as the ideal one. For example, red and blue are relatively dirty, so the final output color may not be able to produce the desired input color. With the aim of reproducing the wide color gamut of RGB and expanding the color gamut to the RGB color space with four-color printing ink, a series of multi-color printing color separation techniques were born. For example, Pantone Hexachrome, Hi-Fi Color, multi-Color.
As early as IGAS 2007, there has been a wide color gamut four-color ink printing technology, which can be consistently displayed on different materials and screens, and far exceeds the gamut performance of traditional four-color inks. Also shown is a six-color print, the color is rich in stereo, very close to the RGB gamut space.
In general, the Hi-Fi Color technology that enables 7-color separation printing requires a 7-color printer; the Pantone Hexachrome 6-color separation technology requires a 6-color printing press for printing, and a wide-color four-color ink for the color gamut. Kaleid0, you only need a normal four-color press. Multi-Color's multi-color separation technology allows you to freely combine multi-color separations of more than four colors, and replace any one or several of the four-color inks with a specified spot color.
Then to achieve the original color printing, the first conditions that must be met include:
1. From prepress to printing to have effective color management and standardization of the production environment.
2. With CTP and effective control, use FM SCREEN printing to achieve high-density printing.
3. Understand the color matching of ink and paper during the printing process, and achieve the optimum concentration.
4. With the measurement tool, in addition to measuring the density, you need to be able to measure the Lab/LCH/HSB spectrodensitometer and colorimeter.
5. It has the ability to make ICC Profile software, such as Pantone Hexachrom (6c), Hi-Fi Color (7C) Multi-Color (multicolor) special color separation / production software.
Compared with AM, FM avoids the problems caused by the arrangement of the dot angles, and the color is more delicate, especially the second generation FM technology. In the thickness of the ink layer, if it is necessary to increase the density, the AM needs to continuously increase the ink layer, and the FM does not generate the ink layer accumulation due to the small dot size itself.
Moreover, when the thickness of the ink layer reaches a certain limit, the color of the ink begins to be saturated, and the density cannot rise any more. Therefore, the optimum concentration can be found by measuring the LCH value with a spectrodensitometer (L is the brightness of the color, C is the chroma indicating the color, and H is the hue indicating the color). When the ink is applied from shallow to deep, just look at the C chroma value is the maximum, which is the most ideal concentration.
In addition to the density value, another indicator we often need to refer to is the print contrast. The print contrast can represent the print quality and the details of the dark tone. This is the comparison of the color density of the field and the density of the dark tone (usually 75% or 80% darkness is used for measurement), if the maximum C (chroma) has been found. The value but the percentage of contrast is not optimal. To achieve the best chroma of ink, you can use CTP to modify the curve to achieve the goal.
By finding the optimum concentration, the color reproduction performance of the ink can be evaluated by measuring the HSB value of each color ink. HSB is another way to express colors in different terms in the LAB color space. The coordinates are defined as:
H represents the hue of the (Hue) color.
S represents (Satu ration) saturation.
B indicates (Brightness) brightness.
With this in mind, let's take a look at some of the features of the wide color gamut ink Kaleido:
1. The sharpness (C value) of yellow, red and blue is increased. Due to the use of high-viscosity pigments, the sharpness is improved compared to previous inks.
2. The color development of the secondary and tertiary colors is improved. Since the C value is improved, reproduction of a color field that cannot be achieved by the four-color printing has become possible.
3. The improvement of gloss. The use of a highly soluble resin improves the dispersibility of the pigment and greatly improves the gloss.
Clearly, Kaleido inks have a much wider gamut space than traditional four-color inks. Through comparative analysis of example proofs, we found that:
3.1. In the color gamut of the 4-color IapanColor ink, the hue from yellow to red is more full and bright.
3.2. Increase the sharpness in the red part.
3.3. The color gamut of magenta and purple blue is obviously improved, and the color that can not be reached by the previous 4C ink can now be reproduced.
3.4. The color gamut of fresh blue and fresh green is also improved, making the color more vivid.
In the actual test process, things that need attention are:
1. The hue of Kaleido is different from the normal hue (Japan Color). Since the turbid portion is removed from the hue of the ink, there is a visually low concentration feeling, and density management is performed thoroughly using a densitometer, and Wet data and Dry data are separately measured.
2. Since the hue of the yellow, red, and blue colors becomes high, the visual concentration feeling is lower than that of the usual ordinary ink. High density printing (about 1.2-1.3 times) is necessary compared to other printing standards. It is recommended to use FM SCREEN printing methods for printable films to achieve this high density printing.
Then let's talk about the Pantone Hexachrome and Hi-Fi Color separation techniques.
Since the traditional four colors express the color of the original by superimposing the proportions of different colors, it is easy to produce problems such as overprinting, and the expression range is relatively narrow. Therefore, orange orange and green green are combined to form a six-color color separation technique, and then purple blue is added. The blue color makes up the seven-color separation technology, which allows us to continuously improve the printed sample and make it infinitely close to the RGB color gamut.
To create a multi-color ICC Profile, you must have Profile Maker 5.0 or higher to make Hexachrome. If you want to make Hi-Fi color, you must also ask for Multi-color function.
Hexmage in Hexware is a Photoshop Plug-in tool that can be decomposed from RGB, CMYK and Lab files into six colors of Hexac hrome CMYK and OG and use the ICC workflow for color separation. Equinox is a seven-color system that uses the unique color program and the working principle of ICC Profile to add the standard four-color test target Eci 2002 (including l485 color blocks) to orange, green and blue. There are 5,940 color block combinations that make up the four test targets. Use a number of different combinations of ICC workflows to perform the color separation process to meet different requirements.
Finally, let's take a look at the multi-Color ICISS separation technology.
ICISS's color separation function is strong. This software is actually the color calculation part of an advanced color separation machine, and its technology is software running on Mac machines.
ICISS can handle not only general Hexachrome or Hi-Fi color, but also any kind of ink can be input into the software as a spot color and a four-color or spot color mixed color. The color can be freely combined from two colors to sixteen colors. . Then list the sample contrast effects of adding different color plates. Hue Mapping in ICISS can set the curve components of different inks according to the value of the ink and the color of the reduction spectrum is very important for color reproduction. If the color reproduction of the input and output is consistent, the color of the ink restores the color of all spectra. For performance beyond the gamut range, CMYKOGB seven-color technology can be used to correct and process the parts that still cannot be restored.
In addition, the software has a special feature that two different gray balances can be set in the same picture to separate the neutral gray and color parts; of course, color correction can also be performed, and individual colors can be selected for modification. Different color description files modify different channels, and the modified colors can also be recorded.
The customer requirements that keep pace with the times and the technological changes in the ever-changing field will surely make the original color printing shine.