The development of modern printing and the printing business in New China
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Since the Ming Dynasty, Western missionaries have introduced the typesetting method of lead type in China, but they have not been promoted and applied for a long time. It was not until 1819 that the Britishman, Maryson, first printed the Bible in Chinese. In 1838, the British Tayol made a set of Chinese characters and cast them. In 1843, the British Mai Dusi opened a Haiyin Bookstore in Shanghai and published a printed book. In 1872, the "Report" was published in Shanghai, and in 1875, Shanghai Tushan Bay. The Press House established the Shiyin Printing Department. In 1897, the Commercial Press was established. In 1912, the Zhonghua Book Company was established. At the same time as the publication of a large number of books and magazines, advanced printing machinery is widely used to create new printing fonts and improve printing technology. Thus, by the beginning of the 20th century, more than a thousand years of handicraft printing began to retreat to a secondary position, and mechanized modern printing has gradually become the mainstream of China's printing technology.
Second, the printing business in New China
After the founding of New China, the People's Government was very concerned about the development of the printing industry and established the Press and Publication Administration to oversee the printing, publishing and distribution. Xinhua Printing Factory, which is mainly based on books and periodicals, has been established in various provinces across the country, and a printing industry system with a certain scale and reasonable layout has gradually formed. Since the reform and opening up, the printing industry has developed rapidly. By 1995, there were more than 560 publishing houses, publishing more than 100,000 kinds of books, totaling more than 6 billion books, and printing more than 2 million people. Step by step to form a modern printing industry system.
China's printing industry has carried out many reforms on the basis of absorbing and introducing foreign advanced printing technology and equipment, and has achieved remarkable results.
In terms of text typesetting, the Chinese character information processing technology named "748" project in 1974 was listed as a national key scientific research project. In 1983, the computer-laser Chinese character editing and typesetting system was successfully developed, which opened a new way for the arrangement of Chinese characters. In 1990, Shandong Weifang Computer Company independently launched the Huaguang V-type electronic publishing system. In 1991, Peking University New Technology Company re-registered and launched the Founder Electronic Publishing System (Founder 91 card). This system uses the world's most advanced raster graphics processor RIP, which greatly reduces the cost and the font size can be steplessly doubled. High-speed remote transmission is also possible. In 1993, the Founder 93 card was introduced, and the fonts were more abundant.
In terms of image plate making, electronic color separation machines and full-page imposition systems have gradually become the main equipment for color image reproduction since the mid-1980s, and electronic color separation technology has become increasingly mature. In the 1990s, China also developed and successfully developed a color desktop publishing system, which has reached the international advanced level.
In the field of printing machinery manufacturing, in the past 10 years, the manufacturing capacity and quality level have been significantly improved. There are dozens of printing machinery factories in the country, plate making, printing and other printing equipment have been matched, and some are also exported to foreign countries. At the Drupa International Paper Printing Exhibition in 1995, China exhibited for the first time a five-color offset press with a large open-format and alcohol-wetting system, marking that China's printing machinery manufacturing level has entered the world's first rank. in.
In order to adapt to the rapid development of the printing industry, from 1956, China has successively established more than 20 printing technology research institutions such as Beijing Printing Technology Research Institute (predecessor of China Printing Science and Technology Research Institute), in basic research, printing technology, materials and equipment. Many major achievements have been made. Printing education has also developed greatly. In addition to the highly professional Beijing Printing College and Shanghai Printing College, there are more than 10 universities in Xi'an University of Technology and Wuhan Surveying and Mapping Technology Conference. In addition, the secondary vocational colleges, vocational high schools, and technical schools of the printing profession are all over the country, and the in-service adult education has also made great progress.
Although China's printing industry has achieved great results, China's printing industry has a weak foundation. After the founding of New China, although it has developed rapidly, there are still large gaps in other industrially developed countries. For example, the publishing cycle is long, the general quality of printing is not high, and the management of printing enterprises is still lack of science. Therefore, in order to completely change the backwardness of China's printing industry, we must vigorously strengthen scientific research and education, train more printing talents, continue to absorb and introduce advanced foreign technology, and actively develop new printing technologies and new materials.
Looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, we are full of confidence, and we must make our glorious tradition of inventing printing in our generation even more prosperous in our generation.