The constraints of the development of high-end printing equipment in China
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At present, the main problems that restrict the development of high-end printing equipment in China are:
1. The production method is extensive and the product structure is not reasonable.
The high, medium and low grade structure of the product does not meet the market demand. The digital and intelligent level of mainstream printing products in China is not high. Its stability, reliability, durability, comprehensive efficiency and functions are still far from the world's first-class products. High-end printing machines mainly rely on imports, taking offset printing machines as an example. In 2007, the national printing enterprises purchased 1,283 high-end offset presses, of which 1,135 were imported, accounting for 88.5% of the total purchases.
2. Low product concentration and weak research and innovation capabilities
China's printing machinery manufacturing industry has low concentration and small scale. The sales of all 600 printing machinery manufacturers in the country are not as good as those of a Heidelberg company in Germany. At the same time, China's printing machine manufacturers have less investment in scientific research. For example, German printing equipment manufacturers account for 8% of sales, while most of China's manufacturers invest less than 4% of sales. Scientific research funds, scientific research equipment and equipment are seriously inadequate, and the proportion of scientific research personnel in the production of enterprises is low (only 4%, the printing machine enterprises in developed countries are 10%), the overall quality is not high, especially the lack of high-level leading talents, These factors have led to weak innovation ability in the research and development of printing machinery in China. The main advanced technologies and core technologies are not mastered. In particular, the key technologies of digitalization, intelligence and automation control are not mastered, and the ability to break through key technologies is lacking. This has greatly limited the rapid improvement of the level of high-end printing equipment in China.
3, smart manufacturing equipment and tools are less
The stability, reliability and durability of high-end printing equipment in China are not only bad, but also have a lot to do with the shortage of intelligent equipment and special tools in China's printing machine manufacturers. Although the manufacturing enterprises in China have undergone technological transformation and upgrading over the years, most enterprises only use intelligent CNC equipment processing on the attention pieces, while a large number of general parts still use the single machine processing method of one person, one machine and one knife, and foreign advanced enterprises. All parts generally adopt professional automatic flow production line, which has high processing efficiency and good consistency of parts quality. Domestically, it is a single machine production operation with low processing efficiency, large fluctuations in product parts processing, poor stability, low interchangeability and low versatility. Especially in the assembly process, the international advanced offset printing machine manufacturers generally use assembly line production, special tool tooling and testing equipment, relying entirely on equipment to ensure quality, basically eliminating human factors, and all product standards and quality are consistent. In China, the main professional assembly is assembled and produced. The special tools for processing special tools are insufficient, the special testing equipment is few, the assembly standards are incomplete, and there is no uniform standard. Many enterprises rely on the operation technology of the assembly workers to ensure the quality. The quality of the products depends to some extent. The technical level of workers depends on the responsibility of the workers. Not only is the production efficiency low, but also the products are always one, the quality, stability, reliability and consistency are difficult to guarantee. Although a small number of enterprises have adopted the assembly line for assembly production, they are still at a relatively low level compared with foreign advanced production lines.
4. The socialization level of supporting products is low.
Most of the printing machine equipment manufacturers in China are “large and complete” and “small and complete”. The parts and accessories required for the whole machine are basically developed and manufactured by themselves. The socialization level of the supporting products is low, for example, offset printing. The machine's paper feeder, ink color remote control device, automatic overprinting device, color control, partial digitization, intelligent control device, etc. basically rely on the whole machine manufacturer to develop and produce itself. Due to the small scale of China's printing press manufacturing enterprises and the weak research and development capabilities, there are still some difficulties in breaking through certain areas, and the public opinion is comprehensive.
At present, the supporting parts manufacturing enterprises of China's machines often have poor equipment conditions, low technical level and imperfect management, and it is difficult to ensure the consistency and interchangeability of the matching parts. In foreign countries, the processing and production of supporting products and parts are basically developed and produced by specialized supporting enterprises. These supporting enterprises concentrate on making breakthroughs in a certain supporting products or parts, and form professional production and quality of supporting products. Guaranteed. The whole machine manufacturer concentrates on the host itself, and the rest is technical integration, which is easier to get the product level up.