Talking about the development status of CMS, PDF and CIP3
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At the DRUPA 2000 conference, many manufacturers are talking about the three terms CMS, PDF and CIP3. There are many people who know quite well what it is, and quite a few people just think of it as a mantra. They have not carefully studied the meaning of these three words.
In fact, in the future, regardless of the Internet or other transmission methods, for the printing industry, remote proofing, intranet network, CMS color management, PDF file, CIP3 common information management, will be very important file management mode. And file specification mode.
First, CMS color management work
CMS (Color Management System) color management system is a closed color scanning color separation machine and CEPS high-end computer group page era, the existing color reproduction management mode, its principle is to convert the original light and dark, color density, color CMYK dot readings of the machine, then use these CMYK dot reading records, output into a mesh, and then through the printing, proofing, grouping small version, large version, drying version, printing on the machine, etc., after many complicated work links It is possible to obtain satisfactory color management and reproduction effects. At the time including the British Crosfi (Crosfield)'s Cscan, Germany's Hell's Lino Color, Dainippon's SG color management and later added Scitex Smart Scan color management, all provide technical support.
Today, everyone has abandoned the use of expensive CEPS systems and drum-type electronic scanning color separation machines, instead of using DTP built on the open system architecture. Because it is an open architecture, DTP loses the original high-order scanning system or the scanner's original rigorous adjustment specifications and hardware resistance adjustment in color management. The original 10 bit and 12 bit colors represent color gradation. Also due to the software relationship, everyone changed to 8 bit each color. Even if you go to the street and spend hundreds or a few thousands or tens of thousands of dollars, you can buy a flatbed scanner with its own driver and color stimuli and adjustment software. Some of the scanned images are in RGB format. In the world of DTP, it is so chaotic that it can be said that each of the words and the various bombs can be set up for you to set up this very important CMS color management work.
In this case, major film companies such as Kodak, Fuji, Agfa, software companies such as Adobe and color separation machine manufacturers, etc., formed an alliance, after various research and consultation, all parties can Within the acceptance of the gamut, IT-8 color reproduction specifications are made, including input IT-8 and output IT-8, and then in this IT-8 gamut range, each company reduces its color range again. To match this standard. The range of gamut and concentration values has been greatly reduced, becoming the core tool and condition of CMS used today.
The most successful of these is the input tool and conditional CMS, which have IT8 7/1 transmission draft 4×5, transmission 120 and 135 originals, and also provide reflective manuscript input for editing IT-8 7/2, that is, each film. After the IT-8 control piece produced by the manufacturer is completed, the laboratory will make a file of the copied value. After the user sets the input tool hardware and software, the test data will be made first, but this will have a considerable degree of difference. , so it must be displayed on the screen, and then the image is modified, set on the original file data to make an analogy with the computer. These 264 grid inputs will be compared with IT-8, and the profile correction file will be generated. Then we will encounter this color or similar in the future. In the case of color, the correction file automatically performs the compensation work, so that the color reproducibility meets the ideal value specified by the original factory.
Therefore, using IT-8 as an input tool, screen color reproduction, various printing and printing output, you must use the computer and file to make an analogy, and then generate a correction file to provide copy or display color reproduction adjustment, so that the copy and display effect is close to " Ideally.
Such a design is very convenient according to the process, and it has good practicability. However, as mentioned above, the CMS system is a gamut specification that is completed under compromise. The innate conditions are insufficient, so its color reproduction ability is limited. Just like an iron bar bending, it is very difficult to restore it to its original shape.
In addition, when CMYK is transferred from RGB file, CMYK file has directivity conditions. The lithographic, letterpress, flexo, gravure, screen, inkjet and digital printing have different reproduction ranges, and can only be used one by one. The length is specified in Zhang Yeping. Different printers, papers and inks have different reproducibility. Even if the same machine is cold and warm, different color reproduction will occur. Therefore, in addition to the conversion of ICC gamut space, there are still many problems in CMS. . There is a wide range of problems that operators can't imagine, that is, every IT-8 has factory settings when it leaves the factory. Not every IT-8 file value can be applied to all IT-8 originals. If there is no check-in, there will be a big gap.
In addition, IT-8 will change the fading color after a long time. If you use CMS copy as a standard tool, I am afraid that there will be very bad results, so the original file of IT-8 is used correctly for analogy, and IT-8 The storage of color samples is an important condition for CMS.
The CMS of the screen is theoretically feasible, but there are two problems that cannot be solved at all. One is that the screen is displayed in RGB format using the additive color method, and its color gamut space and printing or proofing printing subtractive color. CMYK performance is different; the second problem is more serious, that is, the color of the screen is judged by the human eye. It involves the problem of background brightness, color and color psychology. The brightness of the outside world is very different from the image density. Bright, the eyes feel that the screen color is too dark and too turbid, and vice versa; the other point, the brighter the dark part of the screen will produce paint reflection, reducing the contrast of the image is very serious, so in the same light background, the personnel are visually sufficient Training and adjustment, than light is more important to theoretically regulate CMS.
As for the CMS at the output, it is not a very high-performance system. It can not change the limitations of various existing output devices. It can only improve the mechanical adjustment conditions and material usage, and then output the print reproduction according to this acceptable high standard. The range is to make adjustments. This kind of situation is like the tutor of the promotion class. Students who face different qualifications, learning abilities and attitudes should be counseled to participate in the individual recruitment of each school. In the face of an ordinary student who is qualified but hardworking, you want him to take the test. Schools are impossible. On the contrary, students with good qualifications and ability to learn can ask him to apply for a school. It is unfair to take a school. The teacher is like a CMS. The adjustment of the output is mostly test and adaptation. Extremely limited.
We are very unhappy to see many people use CMS as a panacea. They think that as long as they have it, they can do everything. In fact, it is just a formula tool.
Second, the development of PDF portable file format
Adobe is the second largest software company in the world. It has a lot of software marketing such as video, typesetting and drawing. More importantly, the Post Script Level II page description language developed by Adobe has been made available to many manufacturers. It is used by everyone for free, and has become the world standard for the publishing and printing industry, thus laying the foundation for Adobe in this respect.
Recently, Adobe developed the PDF file (Portable Document Format), which is an almost unrestricted file format that can be displayed and executed regardless of any platform, with or without a font, and is easily flat. The media went to the electronic media. This is an extremely convenient file format for the printing industry, because in Taiwan design companies and output centers, the use of Macintosh computers and Windows environments has become quite popular, and file interoperability between the two platforms has become very important, especially fonts. In part, this is not allowed under the Postscript file, and it is unobstructed in the PDF file format.
Another advantage of using PDF is the file volume compression, which increases the convenience of file storage and transmission. More importantly, the PDF file is called "electronic film", which is the file format. It is not because the interpretation device is different or the platform is different. Garbled or different results appear, which is not only important for the printing industry with decentralized processing, but also has a fundamental solution to the problem that the Post Script LII cannot be corrected with CTP output errors. Because the RIP and CTP RIP conditions used for digital proofing are different, the output may be different. This is extremely difficult in print jobs. Using PDF files can eliminate this crisis. Another example is the carton packaging and the trademark reprinting. After the first CTP publication, it will be reprinted after three or five years. If the Post Scripf LII file is used, the different platforms, versions, fonts and interpretations will be transferred due to time and space. Under the condition of the device, it is easy to produce garbled or missing pictures, missing words, and the printing industry has a mistake in reprinting, which is a very serious problem. According to the author's opinion, if the print needs to be reprinted, and the CTP direct plate output is used, the PDF file is also very worthwhile in the workflow.
Many people mistakenly believe that the PDF file is a page file format that the printing industry and the publishing industry are eager to promote. In fact, the military is actively promoting the use of PDF files. Because the military is building a computer system, not only the various branches of the military, but also the same service and The weapon system also uses different computer platforms. So today, when the three armed forces want to unite their operations, all the computers are just like the chickens and the ducks, and each of them speaks differently. Do you say this? So using a PDF file without a platform to limit the file format across various conditions may be possible to solve this dilemma. In many cases, it is best to use PDF native code to create a page, but so far, it seems to be still not popular, so Adobe has launched In Desgin three-in-one software, which will be used for image, drawing and editing (Photoshop, Illustrator, Pagemaker). The operating software is assembled together and fully supports PDF format. I believe that the In Desgin software will be more convenient to use soon.
Third, the prospects of CIP 3
CIP 3 stands for Computer Intergrat Prepress, Printing Press, Post Press, because the last word of each job flow starts with P, so it constitutes CIP 3.
At present, because of the development of new technology and the addition of a P, it is also known as CIP 4. It is a non-profit organization composed of Agfa, Adobe, Heidelberg, Manroland, KBA, Komori, Polar, Sfahil, MBO and other companies. Co-developed, mainly focusing on prepress Prepress, Printing Printing Press In the Postpress Post Press and other projects, the information files such as management, instructions, prints, specifications, contacts, etc. generated by the front-end work can be smoothly transferred from the back to the next project, making the work more convenient and smooth, especially important. Companies use the same file format, which is not because the system is closed. So in the early days they used the Post Scrirt Level II file format to accommodate most pre-press page descriptions, and a consensus was reached for the common use of PDF files.
The JDF file describing the connotation of CIP4 contains the following information: customer, file name, print size, color number, number of prints, number of prints, processing instructions, cutting, origami, binding planning, materials used, thickness, shadow image, Ink Pro Each color version of each ink button print distribution percentage, work message instructions, etc.; future work processes, progress tracking, material use time, accounting, cost accounts, etc. will be added. Therefore, traditional paper subpoenas can now be transmitted to every staff member by electronic files.
Among these information, the Ink Pro print distribution information file is most useful, because it can further adjust the size of the printing machine, thick and thin working conditions, and further achieve the most complicated ink tank key opening or increasing or decreasing instructions. It is more time-consuming to remove the action of the ink tank by the teacher, and the information file is distributed with more accurate and reliable printing to convert into the ink key adjustment command. It's just that everyone doesn't have to be too optimistic, because the print distribution percentage is not equal to the ink key adjustment percentage, and the information conversion, including machine type, ink roller water roller arrangement, ink type, warm water, paper type and ink roller swing width. These are extremely complex variables. After development, they will become the core technologies of various manufacturers and printing houses. They are all secrets. If users are naive, they only need to establish CIP 3 system or future CIP. After the system is 4, it can be unobstructed like the size adjustment. This idea must be verified after actually operating these systems.
Open system architecture, color, file format and information flow sharing process technologies such as CMS, PDF and CIP 3 are indeed feasible for each stage of adjustment work, but this does not mean that every open device can comply with the system. The demand for functions, in the case of having to deal with these existing circumstances, the effect of discounting is expected.