Talking about nano image printing technology (below)
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(1) Microcontact Printing Technology (MCP)
The organic polymer solution is applied as an ink to the image portion of the silicone rubber printing plate, and the organic polymer at the convex portion of the printing plate is transferred to the surface of the substrate to be printed by microcontact printing (Fig. 6). Due to the ingenious design of the inventors, the organic polymer is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the substrate to form a concave-convex image of molecular thickness. This technology is called microcontact printing technology. It should be noted here that in the early experiments, an organic polymer ethanol solution with a sulfhydryl group was used as the ink, and the so-called substrate refers to a silicon sheet having a gold film on its surface. When a polymer solution containing a sulfhydryl group on a silicone rubber plate is transferred onto a gold film, a self-assembled monomolecular film image is formed. Mizuya et al. of the Nanotechnology Research Department of the Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute pointed out that in addition to the use of sulfhydryl-containing organic polymer solutions as micro-contact printing inks, scientists have recently discovered chemically active aminosilanes. It is also a very good ink. The image printed with this ink (the substrate is mica) was confirmed by atomic energy microscopy (AFM), and a large amount of DNA molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the aminosilane image. It is believed that this is because the positive charge on the surface of the aminosilane and the negatively charged DNA molecule attract each other.
Microcontact printing not only has the advantage of being fast and inexpensive, but also does not require the harsh conditions of the clean room or even the absolutely flat surface. Micro-contact printing is also suitable for a variety of different surfaces, with flexible and varied operating methods. A disadvantage of this method is that at the submicron scale, the diffusion of thiol molecules during printing will affect the contrast and widen the printed pattern. By optimizing the ink immersion method, the immersion time, and especially the amount and distribution of the ink on the stamper, the diffusion effect can be reduced.
(2) Capillary microsurgery (MIMIC)
That is, a printing plate having a nano concave-convex image is placed on the surface of the substrate, at which time the uneven portion of the printing plate forms a very fine gap (capillary) with the surface of the substrate, and then the liquid polymer is dropped on the silicone rubber printing plate. Due to capillary action, the liquid polymer enters these gaps by itself. If we solidify the polymer in the gap and separate the two, a fine nano-concave image can be obtained. This technology is widely used in the field of manufacturing optical components and the like.
(3) Microtransfer modeling (mTM)
The prepolymer is used as an ink, applied to the depression of the silicone rubber printing plate, and the prepolymer is transferred to the surface of the substrate by transfer, and then heated and solidified to form a nano concave and convex image. We call this printing method micro-transfer styling.
(4) Near-field phase conversion printing (PSL)
After the photoresist coating is applied on the substrate, the image is transferred onto the resist film by a silicone rubber mold and used as a mask for contact exposure, such as contact exposure with ultraviolet light. Since the concave-convex pattern transferred by the silicone rubber mold causes phase transition, it is possible to form an image. However, the precondition is that the size of the uneven portion of the image is smaller than the wavelength of the ultraviolet light, and the effect of the near-field light can make the image transfer become a reality. It has recently been reported in the literature that nanoscopic images can be formed on a spherical surface using this technique.
In addition, there are nano-chemical lithography. It is one of the newest types of nanomaterial self-assembly technology. In the scientist's demonstration, this process can effectively form a very stable nanoparticle cycle queue without previous lithography (eg atomic microscope dip printing, laser lithography, electron beam lithography, rolling) There are many limitations and limitations in printing, etc.). Nanochemical lithography involves the fabrication of nanoscale periodic template technology that requires absolute control over size, size, spatial distribution and function. Nanochemical lithography is a combination of techniques in which the arrangement of particles is controlled by reflecting differences in activity, which is determined by the type of chemical treatment in which the particles and their surface are exposed.
Scientists used garnet red yttrium aluminum (YAG) nanoparticles polymerized on silicon chips to synthesize additive particles and crystallize them to determine their shape and composition. Before polymerizing nanoparticles onto silicon chips, scientists used an etching technique based on the "atomic walking" phenomenon to pre-engravate the template on a silicon chip. Due to the inherently high atomicity of the surface of the silicon chip, scientists can move these atoms through processing to create the desired template. A thin layer of nitride formed by a chemical reaction (between silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen) is formed on the boundary of the atomic shift, thereby pre-engraving the template onto the chip. To align the particles along the template on the chip, the scientists placed the sample in an ultra-high vacuum chamber and annealed for several hours. After processing at 500-850 degrees Celsius, not only the nanoparticles based on the precise arrangement of the template are obtained, but also another advantage is obtained. After quenching treatment using this technique, the alignment of the nanomaterials can also show their strength. In general, many nanoparticles are subjected to photon bleaching, which is caused by exposure to high light; on the other hand, these particles retain their presence in extended illumination in scientists' fluorescence imaging measurement techniques. Initial state.
All in all, nano-image printing is not a traditional printing technique, it is a newly emerging so-called soft printing technology. This technology breaks through the limits of today's printing accuracy (micron level) and pushes printing to the scale of nanofabrication. It has become one of the important means of nanostructures, nanodevices, and even nanomachines. Nano-image printing technology is currently considered to be the closest practical manufacturing technology, which indicates that profound changes are taking place in the field of fine processing. The manufacture of ultra-fine images with nanostructures will emerge from the scientists' laboratories and quickly move towards practical use. Nano-printing devices are currently on the market in Japan. However, in order to form a good structure, it is necessary to develop a related technology led by nano-templates and resin materials, and this research is currently being carried out worldwide. The application of nano-image printing technology is mainly in the fields of electronics and microelectronics, but it also begins to involve areas such as edge energy. With the deepening of research on soft printing technology represented by nano-image printing technology, it will promote a far-reaching revolution in electronics, microelectronics, printing and other related technologies.