Seven green biodegradable plastics
Ordinary plastic is liable to cause white pollution and decomposes slowly under normal circumstances. Some people say that there are more plastics in the ocean than fish, which may be alarmist, but we have to pay attention to it. As people's awareness of environmental protection continues to increase, degradable plastics gradually come to people's vision.
We Chinese people pay attention to fallen leaves and return to their roots. People who make plastics also hope that they can "fall back to their roots." After completing their mission, they will return to nature and become one with nature. As a result, degradable plastics came into being. Today, we talk about the seven most representative biodegradable plastics.
1. PLA PLA
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material, which is made from starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources such as corn. It has good biodegradability, can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature after use, and eventually generates carbon dioxide and water without polluting the environment, which is very beneficial to protecting the environment and is recognized as an environmentally friendly material. It is understood that the amount of PLA accounts for 45.1% of biodegradable plastics, which is a well-deserved main force.
The degradation of polylactic acid is divided into two stages: 1) first, it is hydrolyzed into lactic acid monomers; 2) lactic acid monomers are degraded into carbon dioxide and water by the action of microorganisms. The food cup made of polylactic acid can be completely degraded in only 60 days, realizing the dual effects of ecology and economy.
PLA is mainly used for food packaging and 3D printing that everyone is most concerned about. The largest manufacturer of PLA is American NatureWorks, followed by Hisun Bio in China.
Poly 3-hydroxyalkanoate PHA
PHA is an aliphatic copolyester of different structure synthesized by microorganisms through various carbon sources. The most common are poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), and copolymers of PHB and PHV (PHBV).
The main uses are: disposable tableware, non-woven fabrics, packaging materials, agricultural films, toys, films, rubber, fibers and other degradable products.
Domestic companies producing PHA include Tianjin Guoyun Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Wuhan Huali Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Huafa State Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tianhe Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian Beststar Biomaterials Co., Ltd., and Zhaoqing Huafang Degradable Plastic Co., Ltd. Wait.
Three, polyε-caprolactone PCL
Polyε-caprolactone (PCL) is a low-melting polymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, and its melting point is only 62 ° C. PCL degradability has been studied since 1976. PCL can be completely decomposed by microorganisms in both anaerobic and aerobic environments.
Compared with PLA, PCL has better hydrophobicity but slower degradation rate; meanwhile, its synthesis process is simple and the cost is lower. PCL has excellent processing performance and can be made into films and other products with ordinary plastic processing equipment.
Fourth, polyesters-PBS / PBSA
PBS uses aliphatic succinic acid and butanediol as the main production raw materials.It can meet the demand through petrochemical products, and also can be produced through natural fermentation through starch, cellulose, glucose and other renewable crop products. Green recycling production from nature and return to nature. Moreover, the raw materials produced by the biological fermentation process can also significantly reduce the cost of raw materials, thereby further reducing the cost of PBS.
Compared with similar products, the advantages of polyester biodiversity plastics:
1) Good heat resistance. This promoted its promotion in the catering industry;
2) The processing conditions are not high;
3) Easy to store and resistant to hydrolysis.
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is extremely versatile and can be used in the fields of packaging, tableware, cosmetic bottles and pharmaceutical bottles, disposable medical supplies, agricultural films, slow release materials for pesticides and fertilizers, and biomedical polymer materials.
Five, aliphatic aromatic copolyester
The aliphatic aromatic random copolyester (Ecoflex) manufactured by the German BASF company, its monomers are: adipic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol. The current production capacity is 140,000 tons / year. At the same time, biodegradable plastic products based on polyester and starch were developed.
Sixth, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Water-soluble PVA film is a new type of plastic product that has emerged internationally. It uses the film-forming properties of PVA, water and biological degradation characteristics, can be completely degraded to CO2 and H2O, is a veritable green high-tech environmental protection packaging material.
In Europe, America, and Japan, water-soluble PVA films have been widely used in the packaging of various products. In China, the development of water-soluble PVA films is still in its infancy. Industrial R & D has only really begun in the past 5 years. It is mainly used in embroidery and water transfer (color printing of glass, ceramics, and electrical appliances) The annual usage of PVA in this area is about 10,000t.
Seven, carbon dioxide copolymer
A new type of synthetic material that is being studied, using carbon dioxide as a monomer raw material and activated to a high degree under the action of a bimetallic coordination PBM catalyst, copolymerizes with an epoxide to form an aliphatic polycarbonate ( PPC), after treatment, carbon dioxide resin material is obtained.
Overseas, the earliest countries to study carbon dioxide copolymers were mainly Japan and the United States, but there has been no industrial production. The domestic Inner Mongolia Mengxi Group Co., Ltd. has adopted the technology of Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry and has built a device with an annual output of 3,000 tons of carbon dioxide / epoxy compound copolymer resin. The products are mainly used in packaging and medical materials.
In addition, there are also chitin, polyamide, polyaspartic acid, polysaccharides, cellulose and so on.
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