RFID application in printing and its printing technology
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In the field of packaging and anti-counterfeiting, traditional bar code labels are widely used, but with the higher and more complete information needs of people in the production, storage, transportation, quality assurance, anti-counterfeiting, management, etc., this bar code label is obviously unable to do so. It can not only provide information on the production and management of goods, but also can not warn the temperature and other information required for the quality of the goods. In the anti-counterfeiting effect, it also loses the anti-counterfeiting effect of the products because of its single printing and easy copying. With the advancement of technology and the application in the field of label production, a new, multi-functional, good anti-counterfeiting smart label has begun to be widely used, which will bring new vitality and vitality to label printing.
The main features of RFID
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), also known as wireless IC tags, electronic tags, inductive electronic chips, proximity cards, contactless cards, etc., is a non-contact through radio waves. Data access technology can be combined with data access technology through wireless communication to connect the database system behind it to form a large and connected system. A complete RFID system consists of a reader, sensor or chip, antenna, hardware and software system, and more. The basic principle is that when the label enters the magnetic field region, it receives the signal from the reader, transmits the product information stored in the chip by the energy obtained by the induced current, or actively transmits a signal of a certain frequency, the reader After reading the information and decoding it, it is sent to the central information system for processing.
The RFID tag can be divided into a passive tag: it does not spontaneously send information waves, the transmitter generates a wave to generate a signal, the antenna of the RFID tag receives the induced current generated by the magnetic field, and then sends the information stored in the chip to the reader to receive the signal. Interpretation. Active label: In addition to the chip and antenna, the tag adds power and can continuously send out data signals to the reader for reading.
To sum up, RFID has the following characteristics:
(1) Data read and write function: As long as the RFID can be used to directly read the message into the database without contact, and the multiple labels can be processed at one time, and the status of the logistics processing can be written and labeled for the next stage of logistics processing. The reading is used for judgment.
(2) Easy to miniaturize and diversify the shape: RFID is not limited in size and shape in reading, and it is not necessary to match the fixed size and print quality of the paper for reading accuracy. In addition, RFID can be developed into smaller and more diverse types to be applied in different products.
(3) Environmental resistance: When the paper is dirty, it will not see the information on it, but RFID has strong anti-staining properties for water, oil and medicine. RFID can also read data in dark or dirty environments.
(4) Reusable: Since RFID is electronic data, it can be overwritten repeatedly, so it can be recycled and reused. For example, passive RFID can be used without a battery, and there is no need for maintenance.
(5) Penetration: RFID can also be used for penetrating communication if it is covered with non-metallic or non-transparent materials such as paper, wood and plastic. However, if it is ferrous metal, communication will not be possible.
(6) The data has a large memory capacity: the data capacity will expand with the development of memory specifications, and the amount of data that needs to be carried in future items will increase, and the demand for capacity expansion of the volume label will also increase. Will be restricted.
The main application of RFID in the field of printing
In fact, RFID technology began to be applied as early as World War II. At that time, the United Kingdom used RFID to confirm whether the aircraft entering the airport was its own aircraft to avoid being attacked. RFID is a kind of label that can read the above information without contact, so the scope of application is very wide, for example, access control (personnel access control, control and commute management); asset collection and waste management (stack) Management of recyclable containers such as boards, containers, trolleys, cages, etc.; garbage collection and disposal, waste control systems, etc.; cargo management and storage materials handling (baggage identification for air transportation, inventory, logistics and transportation management; warehouse inventory inventory , material control system); medical applications (hospital medical record system, dangerous or regulated biochemicals management); transportation (highway toll system); anti-theft application (supermarket anti-theft, anti-theft management of library or bookstore); animals Monitoring (livestock management, pet identification, tracking of wildlife ecology); automated control (assembly and production of automobiles, home appliances, electronics); joint ticket (integrated multi-purpose smart stored value cards, bonus points cards), etc. Many aspects.
In the field of printing, RFID will gradually replace traditional bar code labels. Experts predict that RFID technology will have a major impact on packaging, security printing and paper in the coming years. For the printing field, RFID technology can be used to produce RFID antennas in the production of RFID, which brings new opportunities for development in the printing industry.
The application of RFID in logistics and management is now more and more. In foreign countries, Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the United States, began to ask upstream suppliers in January 2005 to add RFID to the supply of goods. At the end of 2006, RFID was fully used.
RFID printing technology
The production of RFID is very different from the printing of traditional labels. At present, China's traditional label printing technology has a very high level. There are many experienced companies in the trademark printing industry, and many beautifully designed and high-quality products are produced. However, for RFID, some people think that it has no special features. Just use a common label to cover it with a beautiful outer garment. This is not difficult for a high-quality label printing company, but simply add a beautiful coat. RFID, for its high added value, will cause important losses. So, what are the characteristics of RFID printing compared to traditional label printing? First of all, from the definition of RFID, smart refers to the RF circuit composed of chips, antennas, etc.; and the label is a commercialized coat of RF circuits by the label printing process. From a printing point of view, the emergence of RFID will bring higher gold content to traditional label printing. The chip layer of RFID can be packaged and printed with paper, PE, PET or even textile materials to make stickers, paper cards, slings or other types of labels. The chip is the key to RFID and is determined by its special structure. , can not withstand the pressure of the printing press, so in addition to inkjet printing, generally use the first printing surface layer, and then the chip layer composite, die-cutting process.
(1) Printing method. Printing is mainly based on screen printing. This is mainly because the printing quality of screen printing on integrated circuit boards, membrane switches, etc. is beyond the reach of other printing methods. In RFID printing, conductive ink is used, and printed conductive A preferred screen for the ink is a nickel foil perforated web. It is a high-tech wire mesh. It is not a wire mesh woven from ordinary metal or nylon. It is a foil mesh made of nickel foil. The mesh is hexagonal and can be made into a circle by electrolytic forming. Hole shape. The whole mesh surface is even and thin, which can greatly improve the stability and precision of the printing. It is good for printing high-tech products such as conductive ink, wafer and integrated circuit. It can distinguish the circuit line spacing and positioning accuracy of 0.1mm. 0.01mm.
(2) Application of conductive inks. Conductive ink is a special ink that can be used to add conductive materials to UV inks, flexo aqueous inks or special offset inks to make the ink conductive. Conductive inks are mainly made of conductive fillers (including metal powders, metal oxides, non-metals and other composite powders), bonding agents (mainly synthetic resins, photosensitive resins, low-melting plexiglass, etc.), additives (mainly dispersing agents, conditioning) Composition, thickener, plasticizer, lubricant, inhibitor, etc.), solvent (mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, alcohol ethers, etc.), conductive ink is a functional ink, mainly in printing There are conductive inks such as carbon paste and silver paste. Carbon paste ink is a liquid type thermosetting ink. It has the function of protecting copper foil and conducting current after film formation curing. It has good conductivity and low impedance; it is not easy to oxidize, its performance is stable, and it is resistant to acids, alkalis and chemical solvents. Erosion; has strong wear resistance, anti-wear, good thermal shock resistance and so on. Silver paste ink is a one-component ink composed of ultra-fine silver powder and thermoplastic resin. It can be used on PET, PT and PVC sheets. It has strong adhesion and hiding power, low temperature curing and controllable conductivity. And very low resistance values. In addition, the conductive nano-carbon ink is added to the conductive ink made of ink, and the metal powder (such as silver powder) in the conductive ink can also be made into nano-scale silver powder to manufacture conductive ink, and the conductive ink not only prints the film layer. It is thin and uniform, has excellent performance, and can save a lot of material.
In RFID printing, conductive inks are mainly used to print RFID large wires, replacing the metal foils made by traditional foil or corrosion methods. It has two main advantages. Firstly, the metal foil made by the traditional foil-pressing method or the etching method has complicated process and long production time of the finished product, and the conductive ink printing antenna is processed by a high-speed printing method, which is efficient and fast, and is a printed antenna. And the preferred method in the circuit is both fast and cheap. Today, conductive inks have begun to replace etched antennas in various frequency bands, such as ultra-high frequency bands (860MHz to 950MHz) and microwave frequency bands (2450MHz). Antennas printed with conductive inks can be compared to conventionally etched copper antennas. In addition, conductive inks are used to print sensors and line prints in RFID. Secondly, the metal foil made by the traditional foil pressing method or the etching method consumes a waste of metal materials, and the cost is high, and the raw material cost of the conductive ink is lower than that of the conventional metal antenna, which is of great significance for reducing the manufacturing cost of the RFID. .
(3) Unique process requirements. In RFID printing, there are unique requirements for the manufacturing process, mainly paying attention to high yield, thick paper printing and composite processing.
In terms of high yield, since the value of RFID itself is many times higher than that of ordinary printed labels, it is particularly important for high-yield prints to bring high profits to enterprises. In particular, many products require multi-color UV ink printing, glazing, and gluing. Most of the labels with large printing volume are also processed by roll-to-roll printing or no-interface printing (passing flowers). It is difficult to screen the finished product.
For thick paper printing, in the paper jam processing, it must be noted that the equipment should have good printing suitability for the 350 gram thick cardboard. In the cardboard printing, the tension of the paper strip should be kept stable, and the accumulated printing overprinting error should be minimized. Therefore, if each screen is overprinted, but the spacing between the screens is highly inaccurate, it will also cause trouble for the composite and die-cutting process after RFID printing. As for composite processing, it is a key process in RFID processing. It requires not only the size of each label to change due to the change of tension, but also for the film material, the degree of increase in label spacing caused by tensile deformation is also considered. Appropriate adjustments.