Repositioning of Printing Technology Education in the Digital Printing Era
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First, the technical characteristics and composition of the digital printing era
As humans enter the 21st century, the printing industry has also entered the digital printing era. The current digital printing media technology has a new meaning compared with the traditional printing technology 20 years ago, which is mainly reflected in:
The acquisition of graphic information is no longer a single photographic original, but a variety of digital information;
The processing of the image is replaced by a computer;
The visual reproduction of the image is no longer just a form of printing, but a multimedia form;
Image realizes the network transformation, high-speed, remote, personalized and high-fidelity requirements of data conversion and transmission.
Therefore, the modern media industry is an information industry with a variety of graphic information as its main target. Its main task is to be responsible for the acquisition of graphic and text information, computer processing and high-speed realization of multimedia visual reproduction of graphics and text.
The following figure shows the technical composition of the digital printing media era:
Second, professional repositioning and professional direction division
As can be seen from the above, the composition of modern digital printing technology has undergone fundamental changes compared to traditional printing techniques. The reproduction and dissemination of graphic information is no longer exclusive to the words “print” or “brush”. It is a collection of high-tech technologies such as digital image technology, computer technology, network technology, modern print media technology and electronic media technology. Among them, printing technology is only a media mode for the reproduction and dissemination of graphic information. Therefore, modern printing technology education should expand its connotation and reposition it in a broader image and information communication technology education. Its professional structure should be composed of a single printing technology. The professional development is specialized in graphic and information communication including digital image technology, print media technology, electronic media technology and many other professional directions, as shown in the following figure:
The training objectives of each of the expanded professional directions are:
1. Digital Image Technology: It mainly studies the acquisition of digital images, computer processing, data conversion of graphic and text information, color management, etc., and trains students to use common graphic image processing software such as Photoshop.
Coreldraw, Pagemaker, Illustrator, etc., master digital scanning technology, digital imaging technology, graphic information processing and output technology. After the graduation, the postgraduate positions in the graphic image company, the printing company's prepress technical department, computer network company, graphic design production company, newspaper, publishing house, medical and other digital image-related enterprises and institutions engaged in technical work.
2. Print media technology: one of the main technologies for the visual reproduction of graphic information, mainly researching the basic theory of printing technology, modern digital printing workflow, various printing process technology, printing equipment operation and maintenance, printing quality control and production management, etc. Students master the whole process and technology of prepress, printing and postpress, master the common printing equipment and can carry out maintenance. They have certain production control and management knowledge, and can adapt to the needs of various modern printing new technology updates. The post-graduate employment positions are mainly located in the first-line production and management positions of the printing enterprise.
3. Electronic publishing technology: including most media publishing technologies except printing, another kind of technology for visual reproduction of graphic and text information, mainly researching the production and reproduction of graphic information of computer networks, CD-ROMs, movies, animations and other electronic media. And communication technology to train students to master the techniques of graphic design and production, network editing and publishing, film and television production, production and production of various electronic publications. Post-graduate employment positions are located in the electronic editing and publishing departments of various newspapers and publishing houses, audiovisual companies, electronic image production companies, publications distribution and sales, computer network companies, graphic design production companies and others. Enterprises and institutions related to production are engaged in technical work.
Third, the adjustment of professional knowledge structure
The digital printing industry in the 21st century will need more talents in the following five positions:
● Computer and network technicians;
● Graphic information processing personnel;
● Multimedia publishing technicians;
● Proficient in the first-line production and management of advanced offset, gravure, flexo and silk screen technology;
● Fully automated printing equipment maintenance and management personnel.
Corresponding to these positions, its professional knowledge structure will mainly consist of the following three parts:
1. Professional basics based on computer, English, and fine arts
As digital printing technology continues to replace traditional printing technology, the printing process will become more and more simple. In addition to its prepress work mainly by computer processing and control, the digital printing output and finishing line of the back end will also rely on computer control. The printing industry has become a professional computer application industry; after China's accession to the WTO, Chinese printing companies will be internationalized in business dealings, manuscript delivery, off-site distribution printing, and technical management. Printers need to use English at any time. Language work; in addition, as the process is greatly reduced, the operator will assume multiple technical roles. For example, in the traditional printing process, several tasks of design, production, output, and printing are performed by their own professionals. In the CTP process or digital printing process, these jobs are often the same professional technology. The personnel to complete, so the digital printing era requires high technical design, appreciation and production capabilities of the operating technicians. It is not difficult to see that computer, English, and fine arts are the most important and indispensable basic knowledge of a profession.
2. Professional theoretical knowledge centered on digital image theory
The process of modern graphic information dissemination is actually the whole process of digital media acquisition, digital image computer processing and finally digital media (digital printing media, online media, other electronic media, etc.). Based on the theory of digital image, in order to train students to master modern image communication technology, students must first master the theoretical knowledge of digital images, such as digital imaging theory, digital image processing theory, image color separation theory, data conversion theory, Image propagation theory and more.
3. Professional technical knowledge led by multiple media communication technologies
Including print media technology, online media technology, electronic media technology and so on. Train students to master the latest modern digital media technologies and have relevant operational skills to meet the relevant job requirements.
In short, professional and technical education should emphasize the foundation of computer and English theory and application; strengthen software application and development capabilities; strengthen the cultivation of network and multimedia technology application capabilities, train digital prepress, printing, postpress technology and process management, pay attention to Cultivate a new knowledge structure talented person who has the basics of information dissemination, is proficient in the processing of digital graphic information, is proficient in the operation and management of computer networks and advanced printing equipment, and is proficient in modern enterprise management. In addition, training in production safety, environmental protection, and professional quality should always be carried out in professional and technical education.
Fourth, the integration and update of the professional curriculum system
In the past, most of China's printing higher education was a single subject curriculum. With the development and transformation of printing technology in the 21st century, a modern, integrated, applied and practical curriculum system should be established, and the latest technical positions in the printing industry should be established. Based on the group, the traditional professional courses are integrated and adjusted to form six professional course modules, namely computer technology and application foundation; network technology and application; digital imaging and graphic information processing technology; multimedia publishing technology and management; Process technology and management; printing equipment operation and maintenance. Computer technology and application courses should be regarded as the most important professional foundation courses; network technology and application courses should be taken as compulsory courses or professional main courses; printing process technology and management courses should include gravure, flexo, silk screen and digital printing process contents. Together with the offset printing process, it becomes a modern printing technology that students must master; the post-press processing and printing equipment courses have always been a weakness of printing higher education. With the rapid increase in the degree of automation and technology, companies are coming. The more urgently you need to understand the practical talents in post-press processing and advanced printing equipment operation and maintenance, therefore, in the future printing higher education, the post-processing technology and printing equipment courses must be strengthened, and the practical operation technology should be emphasized. Cultivation.
The following table shows the integration and update design of the course system for the direction of print media technology and electronic publishing technology, which is for discussion and reference only.
Fifth. Adjustment of the structure of the teaching staff
In line with the new professional structure and curriculum system, the teacher structure of the modern graphic and information dissemination profession should be adjusted accordingly, mainly reflected in:
l. The structure of the team is transformed from printing technology to digital image technology and computer technology. The teacher structure of traditional printing technology education is mainly composed of technology teachers. This is mainly because the traditional printing technology elements are people and machinery. The equipment is dominant, its craftsmanship is strong, and human factors are more important. Modern digital media technology is composed of digital image technology and is closely related to computers. The professional course modules are inseparable from digital image technology and computer knowledge, so the team of teachers who are proficient in digital image technology and computer technology is the main component of the professional teaching team in the digital printing era.
2. The knowledge structure should reflect the new technology and diversification: the composition of the traditional printing technology professional teachers is based on the traditional printing technology, and should be adjusted to the modern digital image technology and computer technology as the main knowledge in the digital media era. Structure, and consists of a single knowledge composition into a diverse knowledge. For example, teachers who traditionally teach offset printing and offset printing operations must expand their knowledge of image processing and data conversion to be competent in digital offset printing and modern printing operations. On the contrary, teachers who teach pre-press courses must also expand the working principle of printing presses. Or electronic publication production technology can be used to teach modern digital imaging technology and media technology.
3. Exquisite practice ability: Print media technology is a practical technology, even in the era of digital printing, and with the continuous improvement and application of new technologies, more and more high-tech and high-level people will be needed to produce the first line. This requires that the students at the undergraduate level should have strong practical ability, so they put forward higher requirements for the teachers' practical ability.
In addition, teachers' foreign language application level, educational innovation ability, and other educational qualities must also be improved and improved.
Sixth, the update of professional teaching materials
At present, the textbooks for printing technology in China still hang on the single system of traditional printing technology education based on process technology, which is far from satisfying the requirements of modern digital printing technology in both content and form. As soon as possible, according to the new digital printing technology composition, new professional structure, new curriculum system and modern teaching forms, it is urgent to prepare a series of professional teaching materials suitable for all levels of education requirements.
It can be seen from the above that with the continuous application of digital printing technology and electronic media technology in the field of graphic information dissemination, the technical composition and job distribution of the traditional printing industry will undergo fundamental changes, and printing technology education must be based on this change. re-locate. From now on, research and discussion on professional structure, knowledge structure, faculty structure, curriculum system, teaching material system, etc., and develop a set of education systems that meet the technical requirements of the digital printing era as soon as possible to cultivate a new type of suitable digital media. Application-oriented senior talent for technical needs.