Recent prospects for digital color printing
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Printing in one of the world's most important inventions is facing a fourth change. This can also be said to be the most important change in the 550-year evolution process.
The earliest changes, which took place about 350 years after the invention of the Gutenberg printing method. The Gutenberg printing method that started was just a method of casting ink and combining the grape presses. Printing until 1800 has been solved by manual operation. At this time, the industrial revolution took place and the mechanization process began. At the same time, Sunnafield invented lithographic technology to make imaging technology easier.
The second change was initiated by the introduction of photography technology around 1850. According to the introduction of photography, a new plate making method called photolithography, such as photolithography, photo relief, gravure, jurassic, etc., is looked up.
The third change occurred around 1950 after the Second World War. Electromechanical engineering and computers have facilitated the evolution of manual operations into automation, which has allowed printing to take a turn from a process perspective to a scientific track.
The fourth revolution, digital color printing began around 1980, and the printing was completely transferred to the scientific track. The reason for this is that digital color printing is the only technology that turns visible information into hardware in a variety of multimedia output.
Digital printing began in the 1970s, because the 1970s introduced many technologies that were indispensable for digital printing, video display terminals and OCR.
It is indispensable for the advancement of electronic photo-distribution, which is the product of the 1970s. At the same time, dot generators and digital scanners have also developed.
The earliest way to deal with variable intelligence was introduced by Energy Conversion Divice (S.Ovshinsky), which was the earliest laser printer, but failed because the economic backing could not keep up. At that time, A.B.Dick published an inkjet printer, and then in 1972, Mead Digital introduced it. In 1974, laser platemaking was published by Lasergraph (embossed) and EOCOM (lithographic).
By 1976, Kalle and Chemco published electrostatic plates for high-sensitivity laser plate making. In the same year, LogEscan published a method for producing intermediate films at the same time. This became the earliest result of laser stripping and transfer printing technology. Same DestData
Published PlateMaker with visible light laser for satellite communication.
In 1978, Xerox developed the 9700 Intelligent Copier and IBM.
Also introduced is 6670. These are among the earliest products of laser printers.
In 1979, Scitex published the Response 300 device, which became the first conversational high-performance color prepress system (CEPS).
In 1980, the combination of Hell and IScitex devices, Hell's Helioklishograph and Scitex's prepress system, was directly plated on the drum by a computer, making CTC a success. This is the earliest achievement of introducing CTP or CTC in ordinary printing methods.
By 1985, the digital color printing industry had made a big leap forward, that is, the Typesetter was introduced. This is the beginning of the development of Imageetter in 1988. Accordingly, Device InDependent Prepress appeared. This is the combination of Adobe's PostScript page representation language, Aldus' PageMaker software, Apple Macintosh computer, and Apple Laser Writer. Soon after, it developed into DTP. This can be regarded as the basis for the formation of digital color printing.
The technology necessary to implement CTP was published at drupa in 1990, that is, Hoechst Celanese (now Agfa) used N-90 and Gerber's Platesetter for practical demonstration.
At the PRINT 91 exhibition in 1991, Heidelberg used the GTO-DI press and Prestek version of the company to perform CTP on the machine and introduce it.
At the IPEX 93 show, Indigo's E-Print 1000 digital color press and the Agfa Chromapress loaded with the Xeikon engine performed the CTPaper.
Computer to Plate (CTP) System
At the time of the drupa 90, the demonstration of CTP digital color printing for lithography was only 2 pieces by Platesetter's laser imagers. That is, a dye-sensitized photosensitive resin coated with a silver halide on a metal base and coated with a silver halide.
By the end of 1997, there were 6 more plate-making technologies. An electrostatic version based on paper, film, metal plate, etc., a partial monochromatic printed plate that is not mindful of monochromatic and registration accuracy, consisting of two layers, each requiring a composite cover film coated version of two treatments , using a heat-sensitive laser stripping type plate, using a heat-sensitive laser stripping transfer type plate, using a heat-crosslinked plate, monochrome, partial monochrome printing, 4-color printing, high-fidelity printing without processing Inkjet, etc. are.
Technology using visible light
The use of electrophotographic versions for printing high-quality products, although not meeting the resolution, is still widely adopted by the market. The main manufacturers of Platesetter, plates and consumables are Printware, which uses silver halide plates since 1982. Polyester substrates have been produced and have been utilized in monochrome and partial monochromatic printing.
The earliest plate for digital printing coated with silver halide on a metal plate was Dupont / Howson Silverlith (now called SDB), which was introduced in 1991. It is a high-resolution, high-sensitivity plate with a printing durability of 150,000 sheets.
In 1993, AgPa published Lithostar, which has high sensitivity to visible light, and is a metal substrate. It can be plated in a vacuum plate printer or by digital laser imaging. Mitsubishi Corporation has introduced the Silver Digiplate Alpha Red with a metal base. There are 2 types of 8 mm and 2 mm thick, all exposed by 670 nm laser.
The silver halide-based plate described above is accompanied by a chemical treatment, and special treatment of the waste is required for this purpose.
A photosensitive resin plate obtained by dye sensitization has a plate having a moderate exposure speed. A resin with a wavelength in the ultraviolet region that can be sensitized by dye to shift the sensitivity to the visible region.
As representative plates, there are Anitec-Horsell (electronic version) Kodak (Argon), 3M (Viking), Hoechst Celanese (now AgPa) N-90, and the like. There are still versions of Citiplate, Fuji, Mitsubishi / Western Lithoplate, Polychrome, etc. These plates are based on post-baking to improve print durability. The reason is that most of it is carried out by an aqueous solution.
The earliest product of Hybrid Mask Coated Plate was the FNH version published by Fujifilm in 1980. It was introduced by Polychrome in 1993 under the name CTX. Fuji made the plate resurrected in 1995. The masking layer of these plates is a silver halide layer with a digital exposure to the surface. Under the mask layer, there is a common photosensitive resin layer which becomes an image portion at the time of printing.
Double layer metal version of the manufacturer PDI In order to produce a two-layer metal plate by digital imaging, silver halide is utilized in the mask layer. In the case of a silver halide mask, a secondary chemical treatment is required to discharge hazardous waste from the mask layer. As a product that does not require post-processing, inkjet technology and thermal sensing technology have been developed, and Polychrome and Fuji are the main developers.
Thermal technology
The use of thermal technology has arisen because of the development of inexpensive and high-output laser diodes.
The advantage of using the hot way:
(1) can be processed in the bright room
(2) The image will not be imaged if it does not exceed a certain limit area. Therefore, the image is sharp and the edge of the dot is not blurred, so that a contrast image is obtained, and almost no dot gain occurs.
(3) Near or no post processing is not required at all
Current thermal technology utilizes the following three methods:
(1) Laser stripping
(2) Laser peeling transfer, that is, transfer from the plate as the donor to the plate as the acceptor
(3) Crosslinking with oxygen generated
Laser stripping was used in 1974 by Lasergraph, and in 1991 it was imaged by Prestek on a GTO-DI press in Heidelberg with spark discharge. In 1993, Pearl established thermal imaging. Omni has been applied to web reels by Heidelberg Speedmaster DI, Omni Adast Press, Nil peter, etc., as well as CTP units using Pearl Dry and Pearl Wet.
The Pearl Dry version is a substrate on which a film of aluminum is sprayed on a polyester plate, and a thin layer of a siliceous compound is applied thereon. The metal-based plate is a cover film coated with polyester on an aluminum plate, and a sprayed layer of aluminum and silicon is provided thereon.
Pearl Wet's version is identical to Pearl Dry except that it is coated with polyvinyl alcohol instead of silicon. These plates are lightly peeled off after leaving the film and peeled off. After doing so, a very shallow concave is presented on the image portion. This type of version has begun to be applied to replace the waterless printed version.