Packaging theory
Packaging is an old and modern topic, and it is also the subject of research and exploration from beginning to end. From ancient primitive society, farming era, to modern society with developed science and technology, packaging has gradually developed with the evolution of human beings, the emergence of commodities, the development of production and the advancement of science and technology, and has undergone major breakthroughs. In general, packaging has experienced three stages of development: original packaging, traditional packaging, and modern packaging.
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First, the original packaging
The history of human packaging can be traced back to ancient times. As early as the primitive society of about 10,000 years ago, with the improvement of production technology, production was developed, and the remaining items had to be stored and exchanged, so the original packaging began to appear. Initially, people vines bundled the hunt and wrapped the leaves, shells, hides, etc. of the plant, which was the embryo of the original packaging development. Later, with the improvement of labor skills, people made the most original baskets and baskets with plant fibers, used calcined stones and clay to make clay pots, mud bowls and mud pots to hold and store food, drinks and other items. The packaging, convenient storage, storage and storage functions have been initially improved. This is ancient packaging, the original packaging.
Second, traditional packaging
Around 5000 BC, humans began to enter the Bronze Age. In the Xia Dynasty of China more than 4,000 years ago, the Chinese had been able to smelt bronzes, and the bronze smelting technology in the Shang and Zhou dynasties was further developed. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people mastered the technology of cast iron steelmaking and paint painting, and iron containers and painted wooden containers appeared in large numbers. In ancient times, glass containers began to blow in 3000 BC. Therefore, the use of ceramics, glass, wood, metal processing various packaging containers has a thousand years of history, many of which have been continuously developed and used until now.
As early as the Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented papermaking in 105 BC. In 61 AD, Chinese papermaking was transmitted to Japan via Korea; in the 13th century, it was introduced to Europe, and Germany was the first to build a larger paper mill. In the middle of the 11th century, China Bisheng invented the movable type printing technique. In the 15th century, typography began to appear in Europe, and the packaging, printing and packaging industry began to develop. In the 16th century, the European ceramic industry began to develop; the United States built a glass factory and began to produce various glass containers. So far, the packaging industry with ceramics, glass, wood, metal and other materials as the main materials has begun to develop, and modern traditional packaging has begun to over-contain modern packaging.
Third, modern packaging
Since the 16th century, due to the rapid development of industrial production, especially the European industrial revolution of the 19th century, the development of the packaging industry has been greatly promoted, thus laying the foundation for the creation and establishment of modern packaging industry and packaging technology.
At the end of the 18th century, French scientists invented the sterilized packaging and storage of food, which led to the emergence of canned glass food and tin canned food in the early 19th century, which enabled the rapid development of food packaging. In the 19th century, the packaging industry began to develop in an all-round way. In 1800, the mechanism wooden box appeared. In 1814, the first long net paper machine appeared in the UK, and in 1818, the tinned metal can appeared. In 1856, the United States invented corrugated paper, made in 1860 in Europe. Into the bag making machine, in 1868 the United States invented the first synthetic plastic bag - celluloid. In 1890, the American Railway Freight Yard Transportation Committee began to recognize the corrugated carton as a shipping container.
In the 20th century, the development of science and technology is changing with each passing day. New materials and new technologies are constantly appearing. Packaging materials such as polyethylene, paper, glass, aluminum foil, various plastics and composite materials are widely used. Aseptic packaging, shockproof packaging, anti-theft packaging, insurance Packaging, combination packaging, composite packaging and other technologies are becoming more and more mature, and the function of packaging has been strengthened in many aspects.
Since the middle and late 20th century, international trade has developed rapidly, and packaging has been valued by all countries in the world. About 90% of the products need to be packaged in different degrees and different types. Packaging has become an indispensable part of the production and circulation of goods. At present, electronic technology, laser technology, and microwave technology are widely used in the packaging industry. Packaging design realizes computer-aided design (CAD), and packaging production also realizes mechanization and automated production.
The development of the packaging industry and technology has promoted the formation of packaging science and packaging. The packaging discipline covers all aspects of physics, chemistry, biology, humanities, art, etc. It belongs to the comprehensive science in the interdisciplinary group. It organically absorbs and integrates new theories, new materials, new technologies and new techniques of different disciplines. A systematic engineering perspective to address the integrated issues of commodity protection, storage, transportation, and sales promotion. The classification of packaging disciplines is diverse, and they are usually classified into packaging materials, packaging and transportation, packaging technology, packaging design, packaging management, packaging and decoration, packaging and testing, and packaging machinery. At present, more than 40 colleges and universities in China have started the packaging engineering profession, and the packaging talent team has grown stronger.
Packaging elements include packaging objects, materials, shapes, structures, protective techniques, and visual communication.
In general, product packaging should include trademarks or brands, shapes, colors, patterns and materials.
1. Trademark or brand
A trademark or brand is the most important component of a package and should occupy a prominent position on the package as a whole.
2. Packaging shape
Appropriate packaging shapes are advantageous for storage and display, as well as for product sales. Therefore, shape is an indispensable combination of components in packaging.
3. Packaging color
Color is the most stimulating component of the packaging. Highlighting the combination of tonal characteristics of the product not only enhances the brand's characteristics, but also has a strong appeal to the customer.
4. Packaging pattern
The pattern in the packaging is like the picture in the advertisement, its importance and indispensability are self-evident.
5. Selection of packaging materials
The choice of packaging materials not only affects the cost of packaging, but also affects the market competitiveness of this commodity.