New Changes and Countermeasures of Foreign Food Packaging Trade Barriers
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As the world's attention to food safety issues continues to increase, food safety issues caused by food packaging are also receiving increasing attention from countries around the world. At the same time, some developed countries have adopted technical trade measures to raise the threshold for imported food. , bringing great risks and impacts to food exporting countries. China is a major food processing and exporting country. Strengthening research and discussion on new requirements, new changes and coping strategies of foreign food packaging is of great significance for promoting China's food export trade.
Variety
In foreign countries, food packaging safety is as important as food quality and safety. In order to ensure food safety, countries around the world not only put more and more strict hygiene requirements on the quality of food itself, but also set high standards for their packaging, and put forward strict requirements. Some requirements have become implemented in some developed countries. One of the means of technical trade barriers.
Food packaging mainly includes plastic bags, paper bags, aluminum foil bags, glass bottles, ceramic bottles, tinplate cans, plastic film and other inner packagings and materials, as well as outer packagings and materials such as cartons, plastic drums, steel drums, and harmful components in these packaging materials. It may affect the quality of food and damage human health because of exceeding the standard. The main countries for food exports in China include the United States, Japan, and the European Union. These countries have recently introduced a series of technical regulations and measures for imported food packaging, and strengthened the management of imported food packaging safety.
International Organization for Standardization: In August 2009, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the “Food (Packaging) Safety Management System – Requirements for Any Organization in the Food Chain” (ISO 22000) based on the HACCP safety management system standards. ISO22000 is a voluntary international standard, a new standard for food safety management systems, and defines common requirements in food safety management. It aims to ensure that there are no weak links in the food supply chain, covering the entire process of the food chain, ie planting , farming, primary processing, manufacturing, distribution, and consumer use, including catering. The standard sets a unified standard for the global food safety management system and enables companies around the world to implement HACCP in a simpler and more consistent manner.
EU: For printing inks applied to almost all food packaging, but it contains a lot of toxic and harmful chemicals such as heavy metals, residual solvents, organic volatiles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can cause pollution of food contents through chemical migration, among which benzene residues It is extremely harmful to humans and easily causes diseases such as cancer. The EU has established the maximum migration value of food packaging printing inks, and stipulates the total migration limit of 4-methylbenzophenone and benzophenone in food packaging printing ink materials. The value must be less than 0.6 mg kg. At present, there is no international consensus on the limits of printing inks, the permitted substances or the methods of assessment, and the regulations in this respect are also in a vacuum state.
Europe and the United States: Due to the organic chemical raw material bisphenol A (BPA) may cause human heart, liver and other diseases, the United States requires the Food and Drug Administration to assess the risk of bisphenol A before December 31, 2009, the states will gradually It is forbidden to contain this substance in food and beverage containers. Following the announcement by the United States and Canada that banned use of bisphenol A in food packaging and contact materials, members of the French Parliament also jointly proposed a bill prohibiting the use of bisphenol A in food packaging and contact materials.
United States: The US Food Safety Enhancement Act of 2009, which will be implemented in 2009, requires companies that export food to the United States abroad, including pet food production, packaging, and warehousing companies, to register with the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) annually. In addition, the United States mandatory national origin label final requirements, starting from March 16, 2009 on meat, ground beef, chicken and lamb, pork, wild and farmed fish and shellfish, perishable agricultural products (fresh and Pre-packaging of quick-frozen fruits and vegetables, ginseng, peanuts, etc. is mandatory for the country of origin labeling, which requires retailers and suppliers to submit product record keeping requirements. Suppliers and retailers who violate the regulations will be fined up to $1,000.
Japan: Japan is one of the most packaging-conscious countries in the world. Japan's "Food Hygiene Law" clearly requires that food packaging should not be too fancy, must be tasteless, and must be used in the printing of food packaging, that is, must use alcohol-soluble ink instead of toluene-soluble ink, this ink is more stable, not It is easy to volatilize to produce harmful substances. In particular, Japan requires that children's food packaging should not be too much in color, and the inner layer of the packaging should have a barrier film. In addition, Japan further standardized the labeling of the country of origin of the label on December 25, 2008 in response to the phenomenon of corporate fraud in the country.
UK: The UK Department of Agriculture plans to improve the visual display of food nutrition labels, requiring supermarkets and food companies to label clearer information on food products produced or sold, and call for a clearer indication of calories, protein, carbohydrates and fats in foods. The amount and unit of total, saturated fat, sodium, cholesterol, sugar, dietary fiber and calcium nutrients. On January 6, 2009, the British Minister of the Environment Hilary Benn said that food companies and supermarkets must indicate the true source of the food, the company should clearly indicate on the label the country of origin of the product, not the final production.
France: France announced that from January 1, 2010, it will ban the use of non-biodegradable plastic materials to package food and agricultural products, and replace them with environmentally-friendly degradable materials. In addition, the text of the food packaging has introduced new regulations requiring food packaging to indicate the commercial name of the food, as well as the legal name, and the volume of the packaging must be substantially the same as the volume of the food itself. The food itself is packed in a box that is too bulky.
influences
The increasingly stringent new requirements and new standards put forward by foreign countries on food packaging have objectively promoted the development of China's export food and packaging industry towards healthier, safer and more environmentally friendly, and gradually incorporated into the development of internationalization and standardization. Orbit, however, due to the high level of food safety management in developed countries, some strict requirements in food packaging management have produced trade restrictions and protection effects, and have become an important new type of technical trade in international food trade. barrier.
In recent years, China's export of food and food packaging, contact materials in the international market share has been increasing year by year, but because most food export companies have little or no attention to a series of new regulations issued by foreign countries, some export food enterprises Focusing only on the safety and quality of the foods produced, not on the safety and quality of the packaging used, the safety and quality control system for export food packaging is relatively weak, the self-inspection and self-control ability is not high, and the production technology, packaging technology equipment and transportation packaging are in foreign countries. There is a big gap, lack of independent innovation and development stamina, and some export food packaging safety and health standards are aging, can not effectively adapt to foreign market requirements, the above-mentioned various reasons lead to China's export of food packaging because it does not meet the laws and regulations of developed countries, The situation of prohibiting entry, return and destruction is increasing. According to the survey data of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, in 2008, 52.53% of China's export food and agricultural products enterprises were affected by foreign technical trade measures, and the direct losses amounted to 15.455 billion US dollars. China's export foods have been returned or detained by foreign countries for packaging problems due to food labeling and packaging, and they are also showing an increasing trend year by year. This not only affects the credibility of China's food exports, but also negatively affects China's food exports. influences. The impact of new changes in foreign food packaging on China's food exports mainly includes the following two aspects: First, it increases the production cost, technology cost and export cost of the enterprise; Second, there are many uncertain factors in the customs clearance of food export. Taking the export of aquatic products in Zhanjiang as an example, the export of aquatic products not only accepts strict and cumbersome inspections of packaging by importing countries, but also accepts on-site inspections and evaluations by some developed countries. The United States, the European Union, South Korea, Russia and other countries officially In recent years, the delegation visited the Zhanjiang area for export to the aquaculture industry. The packaging safety control of the aquatic products and the packaging process, packaging workshop, packaging and storage warehouse are all listed as an important part of the investigation. If serious problems in packaging are found. It will suspend the export of the investigated enterprises and even the Zhanjiang area and even the national aquatic products to the country. For another example, the implementation of the US Food Safety Enhancement Act of 2009 will also have a serious impact on China's export of food: the new law stipulates that companies that export food to the United States, including pet food production, packaging, and warehousing companies, must go to the FDA every year. (US Food and Drug Administration) registration and pay a registration fee of $500. The other aspects of the bill will also increase the operating costs of the company during the implementation process. The new law also stipulates that the FDA will inspect the company at a higher frequency, and the company faces the risk of losing the qualification to register in the US due to unqualified inspections; if the first inspection fails, the company will pay the FDA fee for the review. When the FDA has reason to believe that the food is unqualified, it does not need to provide definitive evidence to require the company to voluntarily recall or issue a mandatory recall order. The costs incurred are borne by the company. As a result, there will be an increase in the number of products that need to be recalled. At the same time, companies are more severely penalized for violating the bill. As long as the FDA has reason to believe that a certain food is doped or mislabeled, the food can be administratively detained, and the maximum period of detention is increased from 30 days to 60 days.
Countermeasures
More and more strict technical measures for foreign food packaging have made China's food foreign trade face increasingly severe challenges. In order to effectively cope with the various food packaging safety regulations and requirements in foreign countries and further expand China's food exports, the majority of food export enterprises must improve their understanding of food packaging quality and safety, and ensure effective quality and safety of exported foods. Measures to ensure the quality and safety of export food packaging.
First, establish an effective risk warning and rapid response mechanism. Government departments and enterprises should extensively collect and pay close attention to tracking new changes and new requirements of foreign food packaging technology regulations, and conduct in-depth understanding and interpretation of their implementation time, specific content and coverage, and strengthen research and evaluation on export food packaging safety risks. In accordance with the company's own situation, develop corresponding countermeasures and measures.
Second, establish a sound quality and safety management system. Export food and food packaging manufacturers should be familiar with and master the "Food (Packaging) Safety Management System - Requirements for Any Organization in the Food Chain" (ISO22000) standard formulated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and establish sound and effective foods in strict accordance with the new standards. Safety management system and protection system, especially in the implementation of HACCP system (hazard analysis and key control points), good hygiene standards and other quality control systems involving food packaging safety, we must further tighten and improve China's export food and packaging industry Connect with the international community as soon as possible.
Third, establish a source of quality and safety management system. Enterprises must introduce the concepts of safety, hygiene, health and environmental protection into the whole process of food packaging raw material selection, product manufacturing and even use and recycling, and develop non-toxic, harmless and degradable green environmental protection food packaging materials to accelerate the food packaging industry renewal. The pace of change. Enterprises must strictly control the selection of packaging material manufacturers. Before packaging, please send the packaging materials to qualified laboratories for compliance verification. It is strictly forbidden to add bisphenol A (BPA) and other foreign restrictions to the packaging raw materials. The materials ensure that the food packaging and contact materials meet the requirements of the importing country.
Fourth, establish a scientific technical support mechanism. Enterprises should raise the relevant requirements for food packaging before the establishment of foreign technical barriers, increase investment in science and technology, strengthen research on food packaging technology, packaging materials, packaging equipment, packaging testing methods, etc., and continuously introduce advanced technologies for foreign food packaging. At the same time, adhere to independent innovation, speed up the process of food packaging standardization, and develop or revise standards for packaging materials, packaging technology requirements, packaging labels, packaging manufacturing, etc., to further improve the process and methods of food packaging production, so that the food packaging production process The development of automation, environmental protection and safety will provide scientific technical support for export food packaging safety.
5. Establish a long-term regulatory mechanism. Government departments should strengthen guidance, management and capital investment in food packaging management, continuously strengthen the awareness of enterprises as the first responsible person of product quality, and further improve the quality and safety management level of enterprises. At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of foreign markets and the actual situation of China's export food and food packaging industry, establish and improve the laws, standards and systems related to export food packaging, and strictly manage according to the standards. In addition, relevant government departments should strengthen cooperation, further explore the implementation of long-term mechanisms for food safety supervision, increase supervision over all aspects of export food and packaging production and processing, and strengthen the construction of traceability systems for export food and packaging quality and safety. Ensure the quality and safety of exported foods and packaging.
6. Establish a diversified international market. While consolidating the traditional markets such as the European Union, the United States, and Japan, enterprises must actively explore emerging markets, actively seek new trading partners, and implement diversification strategies of trading partners to circumvent food packaging barriers in developed countries and enhance enterprises' resistance to food packaging risks. ability.
At present, in the context of the global financial crisis, foreign trade protectionism has risen further, and the issue of technical barriers to food packaging may continue to escalate. In the face of unpredictable and increasingly strengthened technical barriers to foreign trade in food packaging, our government departments and enterprises should attach great importance to it and cooperate with a positive attitude and effective measures to standardize the export food and packaging industry. In the direction of standardization and internationalization, and truly achieving the goal of “safety, health, health and environmental protection”, we will be able to minimize the impact of various foreign food packaging technical barriers to trade, so that packaging can help our food out. The important factors of national gates and participation in international market competition further promote and expand the foreign trade of China's food.