Inkjet printing and printing
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I report inkjet printing and printing to you today. The earliest change from inkjet printing to inkjet printing, inkjet printing has a great correlation with textiles, so its demand in the whole market is very large, especially the printed products have been high in textile products. Additional value, traditional printing produces a lot of pollution and takes a lot of time, so the deadline for delivery is very long, and there is no way to meet the requirements of consumers at this stage. In this case, we will convert inkjet printing to Inkjet printing, but there is a big difference between the two, this is the topic that is reported today.
The earliest development of Ink-jet Printing was in 1878. By 1951, Siemens patented the technology for converting liquid ink into ink droplets. In 1964, the size of ink droplets could be controlled by a special machine. And the rate of ejection, which is the prototype of the inkjet machine, until 1967, Hertz developed a continuous inkjet printer, which is currently used in the industry of Continuous Ink-jet Printing. In 1972, Siemens introduced the Piezoelectric (Piezoelectric) Drop-on-Demand Ink-jet Printing. In 1979, Canon introduced the Drop-on-Demand Ink-jet Printing from Thermal, but called Bubble Ink-jet Printing. In 1984, HP also Introducing Thermal's Drop-on-Demand Ink-jet Printing, the history of Ink-jet Printing.
Ink-jet Printing is broadly divided into two categories, one is Continuous (continuous), the other is Drop-on-Demand (control-printable); Continuous is mainly used in industry, such as labels and tickets. Rough surface, metal surface and plastic surface, such as carton, have the advantage of high speed, the smoothness of the surface of the material is not very important, and there is a considerable distance between the nozzle and the material, so the thickness of the material to be printed is not affected. The resolution is not very high, and it is usually used on rough, non-resolution-oriented surfaces. Currently, Continuous develops Binary Deflection and Multiple Deflection, which are biased by voltage. The principle is that the former supplies ink according to the way of ink-jetting when charged and not discharging when it is not charged, and the latter is controlled by the high-pressure deflecting plate after the ink droplets are ejected, and the direction of the deflection can be controlled, and the inkjet is required to be more accurately. Uncharged ink droplets are introduced into the ink guide tank and can be recycled for reuse.
Drop-on-Demand, contrary to Continuous, has a slower printing speed, but the resolution is very good, up to 2880 dpi. The distance between the print head and the printed matter is very short, so the thickness of the printed material is limited. The surface of the printed material must be very smooth, otherwise the printing effect will be compromised. Drop-on-Demand is divided into four types: Thermal, Piezoelectric, Electrostatic, and Acoustic. The first two types are used. The latter two cannot compete with the former two in the market. Acoustic controls the ink droplets by using ultrasonic waves. Electrostatic The ink droplets are controlled by the electrostatic ring, and the ink droplets passing through the electrostatic ring become ink mist, and will not be sprayed onto the printed material. The ink droplets that have not passed through the electrostatic ring will be charged, so they will be sprayed onto the printed material. The disadvantage of these two types is that the resolution cannot be broken, so development is limited. The current rapid development is Thermal and Piezoelectric. The former is developed by large manufacturers such as Canon and HP. The latter has large factories such as Epson and Sharp. HP's thermal inkjet system mainly uses transistor heating. 3~5μ-sec, that is, from 3 parts per million to 5 minutes per million to 5°C, the ink becomes bubbles, and the bubbles are squeezed and ejected into ink droplets. This is the principle of Thermal inkjet. . Epson's Piezoelectric inkjet system uses a piezoelectric element to eject ink droplets. In the global Ink-jet Printing market, HP has the highest market share, accounting for about 50%, while Epson has the highest market share in Taiwan, accounting for 40%, HP ranks around 30%, Canon Market share in Taiwan or the world is not as high as we think, although Canon was the first to invent Bubble.
Ink-jet Printing. There is also a Piezoelectric technology manufacturer Tektronix, which is based on wax. It is liquid when ink is ejected. It adheres to the printed matter and becomes solid. Therefore, it has special effects, but it has a convex surface and is not very sticky. it is good.
At present, there are generally three types of nozzles and ink cartridges for printers. 1. The nozzles are separated from the ink cartridges. The nozzles are on the printing machine. Epson is the representative. When the ink cartridges are replaced, the nozzles are not replaced. The unit price of ink is cheaper. 2. The nozzle is integrated with the ink cartridge: represented by HP and Lexmark. 3. The nozzle and the ink holder are integrated: as represented by Canon, replace the nozzle when replacing the ink cartridge. These designs are of course related to the design principle of the machine itself. Like Canon and HP, they are Bubble systems. The ink needs high temperature when heating, and the nozzle is easy to wear. Therefore, the nozzle is listed as a loss component, and Piezo technology is used. Epson, its ink does not need to be heated, the nozzle loss rate is low, so the nozzle is directly designed on the machine table, there is no need to replace the inkjet head when replacing the ink cartridge, and its consumables cost less.
◆The type of inkjet printing is divided into three types:
1. Oil-soluble type: Not suitable for use in a closed office space because of air pollution. The colorants used can be divided into two types: pigment type and dye type. The oil-soluble type is characterized by fast drying, so it is commonly used in industry.
2. Water-soluble type: Most commonly used on the market. It can also be divided into pigment type and dye type. Because the pigment is insoluble in water, it will precipitate. Therefore, the pigment particles should be made very small. If it is as small as 30μm, it will have a better printing effect. Otherwise, when using high resolution. It is easy to cause blockage. The weather resistance, light fastness, washing fastness and abrasion fastness of the pigment itself are very good, which is its characteristic. The advantage of the dye is that there is no problem in solubility, and there are many kinds of colors, and the vividness is good, but the fastness is poor.
3. Hot-dissolved type: The above-mentioned Tektronix company uses this ink, which uses a wax that is liquid at 60 ° C and is sprayed onto the paper to cool down to a solid state. Can also be divided into pigment type and dye type. Hot melt inks are less used.
◆Physicochemical properties and conditions of water-soluble ink
1. In order not to block the inkjet head, it is necessary to pass a 0.2μm filter.
2. There is no Clogging phenomenon, and ink granulation tends to block the inkjet head.
3. The sodium chloride content must be less than 100 ppm. Sodium chloride will cause the dye to settle down, and the sodium chloride is corrosive. Especially in the Bubble system, the nozzle is easily corroded. Although the nozzles are made of titanium, It will still be corroded by sodium chloride at high temperatures.
4. Viscosity control (1~5 cp): The viscosity of the Piezo system is higher, and the viscosity of the Bubble system is lower.
5. Surface tension (30~60 dyne/cm): The surface tension of the Piezo system is lower, and the surface tension of the Bubble system is higher.
6. The effect of the buffer solution: the pH of the ink should be stable, and some dyes will precipitate due to changes in pH.
7. Both Light Fastness and Water Fastness are high.
8. Shelf life: The ink is manufactured from the factory to the consumer for up to three months, usually one year. Generally, the ink must pass through a 0.2μm filter for one year.
9. Thermal stability: The dye stability for the Bubble system is better, because the ink of the Bubble system is heated to a high temperature of 400 ° C, and if the dye can not withstand high temperatures, it will decompose or change color.
10. The drying speed should be just too fast, it is easy to plug the inkjet head or break the ink too quickly, it is too slow to spread easily, and the dot overlap is serious.
◆Inkjet printing dyes
1. The standard three primary colors are Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow, but the three primary colors cannot produce pure black, so black is added, and black is required for grayscale effects.
2. Ames Test Negative: When doing inkjet printing, it is usually in a confined space, so it must be non-toxic.
3. Light fastness, washing fastness and water fastness: inkjet printing requires the first two, inkjet printing must be required.
4. Heat resistance: Both inkjet printing and inkjet printing require heat resistance.
5. Solubility: Inkjet printing requires less dye concentration, and inkjet printing requires about five times the dye concentration.
6. Molar absorbance: The dye absorbance is high, a small amount of dye will produce a deep color, which can solve the solubility problem. The light absorption coefficient preferably exceeds the light absorption effect of 2 × 104.
7. Stability of color: It is not sensitive to the change of the material of the printed material, which is convenient for consumers to use.
◆ Problems and bottlenecks in printing ink
Because the colors of the three primary colors and black are not pure, the color of the matching is limited, and the printed color effect is easy to produce color shift.
Ink-jet Printing, in addition to its use in inkjet printing, has other areas of development, such as the following:
‧ Pastry decoration: For example, replace the ink with cream to print the pattern requested by the consumer.
‧ Solder board: For example, replace tin powder with ink and improve resolution.
‧ Organic Thin Film Transistor (TFT)
‧ Biochip ‧ Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Color Filters: The following diagram is shown.
◆Basic composition of common water-soluble inks (weight ratio)
‧ Dyes 2~15%
‧ Deionized water 45~95%
‧ Moisturizer 1~50%
‧ Fungicide 0.001~0.01%
‧ Surfactant 0.001~5%