Gradient transfer of printing companies has become a trend
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For some time, it has often been possible to hear or see news of the transfer of printing companies from the central area of the city to the suburbs.
“Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Company, which was established in 1912 and has a history of 97 years, moved from the urban area to Qingpu Industrial Park last year, and is adjacent to “Dangali” and Zhonghua Business Company; Beijing Xinhua Printing Company is busy in Beijing. Yizhuang Construction Plant in the southeast of the city will also be associated with “Hua Lian”. You will see: “Zhejiang Xinhua” moved; “Jiangsu Xinhua” is preparing to build a factory; “Jiangxi Xinhua” and “Jiujiang Xinhua” in the Provincial Publishing Group Under the combination of the two, the two large-scale printing enterprises, “Henan Yixinhua” and “Henan Erxinhua”, have already announced a merger with high-profile, and are working on substantive internal integration;
All of this information tells us that the gradient transfer of printing companies has become a trend. This is both the inevitable development of the situation and the needs of the enterprise itself.
First, what is the industrial gradient transfer
The so-called "gradient transfer" is a term of regional economics. It originated from the product life cycle theory of industrial production proposed by Harvard University professor Vernon in 1966. The theory holds that all sectors of industry and various industrial products are at a certain stage in the four stages of innovation, development, maturity and decline of the life cycle. Regional economists have introduced this theory into regional economics, which has led to the theory of gradient transfer of regional economic development.
Gradient transfer theory believes that the stage in which a leading industry in a region is located in the industrial life cycle determines the gradient in which the region is located. If its leading industrial sector consists of professional sectors at the stage of innovation, then the region has potential for development, which is a high-gradient region. With the passage of time and changes in the life cycle stage, production activities gradually shift from high gradient areas to low gradient areas, and this gradient transfer process is mainly extended by multi-level urban systems.
Converting these relatively complex terms into relatively easy-to-understand words means that along with the changes in the product life cycle, production activities must shift from high to low, looking for the low cost of labor production.
This is also true. Developed countries transfer labor-intensive products that are originally produced in China and low-level products that are polluting in the production process to developing countries. Cities use products with low technological content and low profitability to rural areas. Make a transfer. Take the industrial town of Shanghai: the main industries before the reform and opening up, such as textiles, paper, cement, steel, and even shipbuilding, have mostly moved to the provinces, cities or suburbs to organize production. Shanghai is gradually moving from the "secondary production" to the parallel development of the secondary and tertiary industries, attracting the headquarters economy, increasing investment in innovation and development, and striving to become China's economic center and shipping. Center and trade center.
The printing industry is of course a mature industry. Even since the invention of the wooden printing machine in Gutenberg, Germany, it has been hundreds of years old. According to the theory of gradient transfer, the printing enterprise from the downtown area to the suburbs becomes a Trends.
Second, the printing is defined as urban-type industry and green industry is not exact, the transfer is inevitable
In the past, printing was widely considered to be a labor-intensive industry and a low-threshold industry because of its low equipment use. This is also an important reason why people have listed printing as an urban industry. However, the development of printing technology and the improvement of equipment energy levels have completely broken the tradition. In addition to companies specializing in the production of handmade products, printing companies no longer need a large amount of labor, modern equipment has greatly improved the printing capacity, but also guaranteed the quality of printed products, of course, also increased the threshold for joining printing. In 1984, Shanghai Zhonghua Printing Factory had 1,804 employees, and color printing was mainly based on monochrome printing. However, in 2008, the company moved to Qingpu, the company had less than 300 people, and the annual output of color printing reached 2 million. The color order is several times the previous one. Because of this, it is unrealistic to hope that the printing industry will remain in the city center and that it will play a role in arranging labor employment without investing much.
In the past, people also generally believed that printing did not have pollution, and it did not have a negative impact on the environment. It was a green industry. This is also an important reason why people think that printing is suitable for development in urban centers. However, along with the increase in people's awareness of environmental protection, it is not the case. The printing factory has also become the object of complaints from surrounding residents. The waste gas, waste water and noise generated by the factory in the production process have certain adverse effects on the production workers and surrounding residents. Because of this, in some cities, printing companies have become the focus of environmental monitoring, and the number of jobs that are listed as medical examinations by the medical and health departments every year is increasing.
Since printing is not an urban industry and a green industry that we have known before, the necessity of leaving the factory in the urban center of the country is worth considering. Moving to the suburbs, on the one hand, it can reduce the cost of production and operation. In addition, it can evade the contradiction with the surrounding residents. Moreover, it also helps the rural areas to become urbanized. Why is it that we are not happy?
Third, the gradient transfer is the need for enterprises to reduce production costs.
In the first or second year after the reform and opening up, under the impetus of the above-mentioned comprehensive understanding and the encouragement of the government, China's printing industry has developed at a high speed, and the energy level of printing equipment has been greatly improved. This has certainly solved the problem of the existence of books in history. The problem of long book circulation and the "Northern Book of the South", but also led to the social production capacity is much larger than the total demand of the society, followed by the decline of the printing price, the cost of raw and auxiliary materials and the cost of labor. The year-on-year rise, the difference in scissors caused by the two has caused the printing companies' profitability to drop sharply, and a considerable number of companies have entered a difficult period.
Gradient transfer is one of the measures to save printing companies from the dilemma.
First, the printing company shifts the production base from the downtown area to the suburbs, which helps the company to obtain the differential rent from the original land. This land rent is crucial for supporting printing companies to overcome difficulties and help enterprises to transform their technology. Such cases are numerous in the printing and printing industry.
Second, after the enterprise is transferred to the suburban production, because the suburban land cost is greatly reduced relative to the downtown area, it effectively reduces the operating costs of the enterprise and helps to improve the operating efficiency of the enterprise.
Third, if the factory is located in the suburbs of the industrial park that has been approved by the higher level government, it can obtain various subsidies from the government, such as income tax, value-added tax, and even business tax. Although the government of the park's local government has set up various kinds of subsidies to attract funds to flow into the local area and fight the national policy, it has increased the profits of enterprises and reduced the expenses of enterprises. The benefits are real. There is no doubt that the development of the enterprise is also a strong support.
Fourth, the change of the venue must be accompanied by the change of some production personnel. More foreign employees join the enterprise and participate in the production of the enterprise. Their wage costs are lower than those of the old workers, and their work enthusiasm is higher. Of course, Improving their technical standards is also a top priority.
Transfer, of course, will also bring about an increase in transportation costs, but the above factors will help companies to reduce production costs.
Fourth, gradient transfer is the need for scale of enterprise development
Enterprises must survive in a highly competitive market, either by scale or by characteristics.
Large-scale enterprises are relatively strong and have better anti-risk ability than SMEs. Moreover, because of the scale of the enterprise, the management of all aspects is relatively standardized, the internal checks and balances mechanism is in place, and problems are easily exposed and corrected.
In 2008, the statistics of Shanghai printing industry also showed that: 1334 (accounting for 30% of the 4,437 companies participating in the statistics) printing enterprises with annual sales of more than 10 million, the total sales (39.2 billion) accounted for the total printing sales of the city ( 86.76% of the 46.8 billion). Among them, 92 large-scale enterprises with annual sales of only 2.1% of the total number of printing enterprises, their total assets (21.08 billion) are 41.4% of the total assets of all printing enterprises in the city, and sales (22.279 billion) are total sales. 47.7%, profit (1.948 billion) accounted for 67.4% of the city's total printing profits. These step-by-step data fully demonstrate the prominent role of large-scale enterprises in the market and far higher than the profitability of general enterprises.
The characteristic enterprise is because it satisfies the special needs of the market, and the competition intensity is relatively low. Therefore, it also has its own living space.
At the time of the financial crisis, people became more and more aware of the advantages of scale on the enterprise. It can rely on its own advantages to complete tasks that others want to undertake but cannot require the company to complete within the specified time; it can use its own strength to squeeze out competitors by means of price reduction to ensure that the task is at hand; Improve the productivity of the company and work hard to achieve higher return on investment than other companies. On the scale of the enterprise, there is still more voice in the market than others, leading the industry forward. Because of this, integration and mergers have become a major strategy for dealing with the crisis.
In the case of unprepared land prices in the central city, it is certainly wise to choose to build a large-scale chemical plant in a suburban or surrounding city with relatively low land prices. Its upfront investment can be greatly reduced, and the external interference is relatively small, and the government's care will be much more than in the central city.
It is the industrialization of these industries in the city to the surrounding areas or joint ventures, which has also led to the economic development of the surrounding areas. The most obvious is that Shunyi in the suburbs of Beijing, Xianghe, Langfang in Hebei, the suburbs of Shanghai, and Suzhou and Kunshan around Shanghai are rapidly growing into production centers for printing and printing-related industries. A new growth point for the regional economy. 5. Gradient transfer is the need for enterprises to strengthen environmental protection
Drawing on the painful lessons of the early stage of reform and opening up, environmental protection work has received extensive attention in China, especially in cities, and the friction between residents and factories is increasing.
A few years ago, there was a large-scale Taiwan-funded printing factory in Shanghai. Because the exhaust gas from the production process of the commercial printing press was complained by surrounding residents, it had to stop production and rectify. As a result, in order to rectify the funds spent on refining and the losses caused by factory shutdowns, investors are struggling and unbearable. Gradient transfer helps to solve this problem.
Most of the printing factories built in the central area of the city did not have a special sewage discharge system. The heavy metals produced during the prepress production and printing process were polluted with the domestic sewage, but the site was small, even if there was a transformation heart. Lack of corresponding places. The factory has been transferred to the suburbs or surrounding cities, and the production site has been greatly improved. It is entirely possible and possible to synchronize the relevant pollution control facilities in place while the plant is being built.
The situation of controlling noise and exhaust gas is also roughly the same. In the central area, most of the buildings are intertwined with the residents' settlements. In addition, the development of commercial houses in the past few years has intensified the contradiction between the factory and the surrounding residents. Once the noise or other abnormalities occur in the production process, it is easy to encounter complaints from residents. When a complaint occurs from a resident, the enterprise becomes a “vulnerable group” in the true sense. Whether or not the discharge meets the current legal standards of the country, in order to pass the customs, Also have to take some gestures to start making corrections. The company moved to the suburbs because the planning has separated the production park from the residential area. In addition, the company has also considered the three wastes in design, and the probability of recurring disputes has been greatly reduced, which helps the company to develop production with one heart and one mind.
Sixth, according to the law of business operations is the key to ensure the success of the gradient transfer work
The gradient transfer work of an industry or a company is related to the sustainable development of the industry. It is related to the development and utilization of the original central block, and it is related to the investment and return of huge funds. Naturally, the care and love of all aspects of leadership should be avoided. It is a good thing to say. But it is very important that the work of the company must be in accordance with the operating rules of the company. The biggest point of attention should be: appropriate investment can help the company get the maximum return.
Some leaders want to take the initiative to make the company the strongest and most powerful, and it is best to be the first in a certain range. However, for the enterprise, it is not difficult to be the first to be the image. If you have money, you can do it first! But the first thing to consider is: Where is the market for the company? Where is the break-even point of the company? The only way for the company to achieve profitability is to The most fundamental!
Some leaders hope to solve all the historical problems of the company in the shortest time and show them with the latest appearance. However, for enterprises, the long-term corporate culture will not change overnight, it will be a gradual process. What's more, the good practice of long-term corporate culture conforming to the laws of the market economy coexists with the old ideas left by the planned economy era. There are both ruins and shards, and there is no ridiculous phenomenon of pouring dirty water together with dumping children.
Some leaders hope to change the status quo by introducing external forces. This is beyond reproach. Moreover, the competition under the market economy is ultimately the competition of talents. However, for enterprises, it is important to attract foreign talents. It is fundamental to use their own talents. Because they are familiar with the status quo of the enterprise, these comrades are full of affection for the enterprise. Then, from the perspective of management, management is to leverage the power of all employees to serve the development of the enterprise. If you can't mobilize the enthusiasm of employees through various means, it is equally difficult to do a good job by the hard work of outsiders. They are people, not gods, after all. What's more, they are familiar with the situation and it takes time to come up with practical methods.
Some leaders hope that the gradient transfer work can be quickly put in place, and the long-term pain is worse than the short-pass, which is understandable. However, for enterprises, it must be considered that transfer cannot or should at least affect production, and must consider the technical backbone of retaining the enterprise during the transfer process. If the relocation is in place, the production tasks of the enterprise will be lost, and the technical backbone will be mostly outflowed. Who will rely on the future production? What is the original intention of the gradient transfer?
It should be acknowledged that the starting point and focus of the leadership will be different from the starting point and focus of the enterprise. The two should be close together as much as possible. The leaders must believe that the enterprises in the front line should respect the relevant requirements of the superiors. However, the gradient transfer is, after all, a long-term and practical work of the enterprise. After the leaders have clearly defined the work direction, more work should be let go of the business leaders to proceed from the actual arrangement.
In short, the gradient transfer work of the printing industry is being carried out in the industry. We should learn from the experience of companies that have done a good job, and seize the opportunities of industry and enterprise gradient transfer for the sustainable development of enterprises.