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In the era when printing was not popular, calligraphy and painting was the main means of copying art, which can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period. With the development of printing, various printing technologies have emerged to bring about changes in the reproduction of art. For example, woodcut watermark is the most traditional Chinese copying process, dedicated to copying hand-painted art such as ink painting and color ink painting. Printing techniques such as 珂罗印刷, screen printing, etc. are used for the reproduction of different artworks. The emergence of new technologies such as digitization and inkjet printing has brought a new revolution to the reproduction of art. Compared with the traditional copying technology, these technologies have improved the production cycle, printing precision and manuscript restoration degree, and become the mainstream technology of today's art reproduction.
As a company that introduced and applied digital technology in the early days, Shanghai Business Digital Image Technology Co., Ltd. has provided services to institutions such as the China Art Palace, the Shanghai Museum, and individual collectors. After more than a decade of accumulation, the company summarized a set of art reproduction technology based on inkjet printing.
Artwork copy process
The art reproduction process is mainly divided into four parts: planning, digitization, printing and copying and subsequent processing.
1. Planning
Planning plays a key role as the beginning of the process. To copy a piece of art, we must first classify the materials and paintings, analyze the style and production characteristics, and plan each link according to customer needs. This not only saves costs, makes the production less detours, but also provides customers with complete solutions. Such as Chinese painting and oil painting, paper and transcripts, meticulous paintings and freehand brushwork, etc., all need to be classified one by one, through the different technical means in the later stage to better demonstrate the artistic characteristics of the original.
2. Digitization
Digitization is the process of transforming the original graphic color information into electronic data. Two types of digital systems are commonly used on the market today. One is a large platform scanner represented by CRUSE and METIS, and the other is a portable digital system represented by Phaseone.
Both have the characteristics of large scanning amplitude, high optical resolution, small image noise, and non-contact. Since both replication systems use the working principle of a linear CCD, there is a good performance in the quality of digitization. Even if there are slight differences in some parameters, it has little effect on the overall artwork reproduction. However, the two systems have different emphasis. The portable digital system can be easily accessed into the various collections. The digital system can be built with only a few square meters of gray-dark diffuse environment, but the system needs to be optically balanced every time. White balance, light source lighting, etc., will inevitably affect work efficiency. The structure and light source layout of the large-scale scanning system have high design stability and convenient light source layout.
In the process of digitization, the device needs to be debugged and calibrated, and then different light sources are arranged according to different originals. It can be said that the lighting determines the quality of a piece of art. Many art reproductions do not achieve satisfactory results, and problems often arise from light sources. For example, the originals of oil paintings need to be reflected by the light to reduce the reflection. The manuscripts of the manuscripts need to be sharpened by the hard light source. After the final digital acquisition, the ICC profile is also required to restore the true color of the original.
3. Print copy
After obtaining the digitized information of the original, the artwork is directly copied by micro-piezojet printing. Compared with the traditional printing method, the micro-piezo inkjet printing has a wider color gamut, and its dots are irregularly distributed, and no interference fringes are formed. In terms of work efficiency, there is no need to publish and switch, saving a lot of time and material costs. Since the water-based pigment is soluble in paper and suitable for printing on materials such as rice paper and crepe, the impression of the printed product is very close to the original works of various artworks.
In general, Chinese painting is dominated by rice paper and transcripts, while oil paintings are mainly canvas. Since the finest rice papers are purely hand-crafted, the absorption of water-based pigments is better, the color gamut is small, which is not conducive to the reproduction of artworks, and the production of hand-made crafts is uncontrollable for color, so the use of imitation and imitation is relatively Can reduce the color output cost and reduce the development cost. However, no matter how much modern paper is imitated close to rice paper and sputum, there will be a certain gap between its touch and visual effects. Therefore, our company adopts special formulas in traditional rice paper and transcripts to enhance color gamut and color stability. While completely retaining the characteristics of rice paper and transcripts, it can improve product stability and preserve the essence of art as much as possible.
In the process of printing and copying, it is first necessary to carry out color management of various types of materials, and then to color the digitalized data of the original, and then output the print. In order to ensure the high reproducibility of the reproduction color, it is necessary to rely on the colorist to perform on-the-spot comparison of the original and the replica in a standard observation environment, and repeat the color output. At the same time, the colorimeter is used to compare the original and the replica through the color data of the feature points to ensure that the color difference is less than 2.5. Through the combination of subjective and objective, the color reproduction in the process of copying artwork can be guaranteed to the utmost extent.
4. Subsequent processing
After the printing is completed, the artwork needs to be processed after the decoration and the frame. A slight carelessness in this process can have a bad effect on the finished product. For example, the single page in the Chinese-style wire-bound book is a folding page. If there is no folding or color matching in the process of color matching and color matching, the final product will have a great chromatic aberration. There are also materials such as water and paste used in the decoration, which will also affect the color of the finished product. These are problems that are easily overlooked and are the main cause of problems such as product quality degradation and scrapping.
Artwork copy three cores
The three cores of art reproduction: confidentiality, color reproduction, and special craftsmanship are the souls of artistic reproduction and the most basic requirements.
1. Confidentiality
Confidentiality is the most critical and is about the core benefits of copying artwork. A company involved in the art reproduction industry must first ensure the security and data security of customer originals. The phenomenon of chaos in the art reproduction industry still exists, and the root cause is data reselling. The reselling of data not only bottomed out the technical level of the entire art reproduction industry, but also hit the customer base that has a consumer interest in copying art. Therefore, we attach great importance to the security of the original and original data. Because color matching is required, customers usually take the originals away or leave them for future storage. We have a transparent and perfect manuscript management system, and have professional constant humidity and constant temperature storage facilities. If the customer wants us to keep the original data, we have a professional server storage system to ensure the security of the data. The production agreement signed by the company with the customer will also sign a confidentiality agreement with the employee to protect the data security through legal means.
2. Color reproduction
The most important basis for the reproduction of art is the reproduction of the color of the reproduction. Here are a few discussion of color management issues that are easily overlooked.
(1) isomerism, metamerism is a very common phenomenon, such as replicas are similar to the original when viewed under a standard light source, but in the end, a warm color source is used for display, which may cause huge The color difference. The solution of this kind of problem is very simple. It is possible to eliminate such problems by preparing a standard light source of several different industries for comparison confirmation at the final finalization or by directly contacting the customer to compare the light source for the exhibition. (2) standard observation environment, due to the vast majority of artworks, when the 1:1 copy, the usual look-up table or light box can not meet the overall color requirements. There is a need to establish a standard viewing environment where it is especially important for the original and the replica to appear in the same environment for colorimetry. (3) The regular maintenance and calibration of the equipment, the replacement of the paper, the attenuation of the light source, and the dust in the mirror will make the previous color management in vain. Therefore, regular maintenance and calibration and re-production of templates are important means to improve the efficiency of color management. (4) professional monitors, many experienced printing craftsmen rely on experience to modify the printing plate, even if the professional-grade display without color management, hard tuning can also bring out a satisfactory copy, but it will waste a lot of time and material. (5) The necessity of human intervention, “what you see is what you get” is the ultimate goal of color management, but it can't be done in the reproduction of art. There are many reasons. For example, some large-format artworks are a few square meters. The original must be digitized by stitching and scanning. The movement of the position must bring a series of errors, and the accumulation of errors makes the whole color of the whole painting. A deviation occurs. Another example is the traditional printing format, a picture book, a character poster, its size and details determine its own need for color reproduction is relatively low. And an ordinary 6-foot Chinese painting has surpassed the traditional printing size, the level of detail and color content is rich, and the most sensitive gray, in Chinese painting, will also be biased towards gray of different colors because of the difference of ink color. . Therefore, from the very beginning, the details of the traditional printed pictures and the reproduction of the artworks are not on one level. With more levels of detail, it is not possible to simply perform color reduction through a single curve adjustment or individual color adjustments, which makes today's color management system bleak. At this time, manual intervention is required, and the gradual contrast adjustment is performed to maximize the color and level details of the original. At this time, the color management system is more unified management of equipment and materials as a management specification to reduce the occurrence of errors as much as possible. In addition, it also plays a significant role in the basic freeze of the overall color and the warning of the color beyond the color gamut.
3. Special process
The special process used to enhance the added value of artwork reproduction is the main means to improve product quality and open up the gap between peers. The more such technologies are owned, the more they can reflect their position in the industry.
The development of the art reproduction industry has been described as a flower and a star. How to develop better is a problem that every industry insider needs to consider. Technically, while more new technologies are being applied, there are also some almost eliminated technologies that have been re-applied in the art reproduction industry – the print technology. The development of these new and old technologies has opened up new avenues for the reproduction of artworks. In the market, more and more people in the country recognize the artistry of art reproduction and start investing in collections. The foreign art reproduction market has long matured, and in the art market, art reproductions account for nearly 70%. The domestic art reproduction market can be said to be a very promising market, and it will surely yield fruitful results in the near future.