Domestic three-dimensional printing industry is growing rapidly and expecting new development
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The three-dimensional printing of stereoscopic images in three-dimensional space has become an important content in the field of special printing. When talking about stationery printing, three-dimensional printing can not be said. It can be said that three-dimensional printing adds a lot of color to the world of stationery decoration. As a special printing technology developed independently, three-dimensional printing has attracted the attention of many people in the industry. To this end, some people who are engaged in the three-dimensional printing business and the majority of readers pay attention to the development of China's three-dimensional printing.
Introduction to three-dimensional printing
Stereo printing is a principle that simulates the space difference between human eyes. It can be taken from different angles, and pixels of different angles are recorded on the photosensitive material, and then the composite of the grating material is used to restore the process of printing with stereoscopic effect.
1. Features of three-dimensional printing
(1) The stereoscopic effect is strong, and the object can be reproduced realistically. The product image is clear, the level is rich, the image is realistic, and the artistic conception is deep.
(2) Three-dimensional printed originals are often made by modeling design or scenes, while printed materials generally choose high-quality coated paper and high-temperature ink printing, so the gloss is good, the color is bright, and it is not easy to fade.
(3) The surface of the printed product is covered with a layer of concave and convex mirror grating, which can directly obtain the stereoscopic effect of the panoramic picture.
2. Realization of three-dimensional printing
The realization of three-dimensional printing requires several steps, namely, original production, plate making, printing + raster synthesis or direct printing.
(1) Original production
For the original, it can be made by stereo photography. This method is the most traditional manuscript making method for stereo printing. The key to the operation is to take a stereo photo. The layout, distance, angle, center point, etc. of the subject need to be taken before shooting. Accurate calculations. There are generally two methods for obtaining stereo images. The direct method and the indirect method are often used. The direct method is to take pictures through a columnar grating, move the camera in a certain field of view, and continuously capture the subject; the indirect rule is specific. Position (5~8 seats) to take a corresponding number of photos and then combine them exactly one. In comparison, the indirect method is better than the direct method, but it is more troublesome and generally not used.
Thanks to the development of computer software technology, the acquisition of stereoscopic images is now much simpler. The high-end technology uses professional stereoscopic image software to directly process planar images into three-dimensional images, such as 3D4U software, or printers using graphics. The 3D software developed by the image software can also be processed by existing common image software, such as Photoshop.
(2) Printing
It can be said that there are many ways to realize three-dimensional printing. At present, there are two main methods for stereo printing in China. One is to print directly on the back side of the grating through an offset printing machine, and the other is to first print the pattern through a high-precision offset printing machine. After printing onto the paper, the grating is composited.
Stereo printing requires high color separation and screening accuracy, and high imprinting accuracy is ensured to avoid paper stretching during printing, resulting in inaccurate overprinting. The calculation accuracy of parameters such as the spacing and angle of the grating is high, and the composite molding requires accurate positioning.
3. Three-dimensional printing material technology
(1) Paper
Three-dimensional printing paper is required to be compact, smooth, flat, and small in stretchability, and usually uses coated paper or cardboard.
(2) grating material
There are mainly hard plastic three-dimensional grating sheets and soft plastic three-dimensional grating sheets. The hard plastic three-dimensional grating sheet is made of polystyrene raw material through injection molding to form a concave-convex cylindrical mirror-shaped grating sheet; the soft plastic three-dimensional grating sheet is mainly formed by pressing a polyvinyl chloride sheet base through a metal grating roller or a grating plate. Whether it is a hard plastic material or a soft plastic material, the transparency of the grating is required to be good.
(3) Ink
Fast drying speed is one of the most important requirements for three-dimensional printing. At present, some ink manufacturers can provide inks and additives suitable for three-dimensional printing. The ink is properly selected, and the 3D printed image will have sharp subtle levels and sharp edges.
(4) Adhesive
Adhesives are essential if the image on the plate is not printed directly onto the grating. Its function is to enable the printed matter and the lenticular sheet to be firmly adhered together, and to protect the ink layer from discoloration at high temperatures.
4. Application of three-dimensional printing
In the development of three-dimensional printing, people are constantly trying to apply stereoscopic printing to various fields. The three-dimensional printing is especially brilliant in the decoration of stationery. From the ruler, the pencil case to various notebooks, folder covers, to calendars, desk calendars, postcards, even mouse pads, playing cards, etc., three-dimensional prints are used. In particular, some commonly used children's stationery, because it meets the children's hunting psychology, is also widely loved by children.
In addition to stationery, we can easily find stereoscopic prints in daily life. Stereoscopic images are often used to create window advertisements or in the fields of advertising tags, tobacco and alcohol anti-counterfeiting trademarks. Three-dimensional printing can also be used for the packaging of various products such as food, medicine and cosmetics. The daily necessities are also a fertile ground for the survival and development of three-dimensional printing.
Domestic stereo printing development status
The development time of three-dimensional printing in China is not short, but since it has not found a suitable market positioning, the application is not very extensive. However, with the development of related technologies and the growth of market demand, the domestic three-dimensional printing industry is developing rapidly and has formed a distinct "Chinese characteristics."
1. Technology development
(1) Professional software entry, popular image software popular
Nowadays, related software for three-dimensional printing has been continuously introduced and has already entered the Chinese market. Professional software such as 3D4U has been well known in the field of three-dimensional printing. It can be said that the entry of professional software into the market is also a major breakthrough in the three-dimensional printing technology, and it becomes more convenient to convert ordinary pictures into three-dimensional printed originals. Some large-scale three-dimensional printing enterprises in China have already begun to use.
Although there have been many professional production software, in general, ordinary image software (such as Photoshop, etc.) is still very popular among three-dimensional printing companies. As for the reasons for not being willing to use professional software, some respondents reported that they are worried about the software and are not willing to try. The price factor has also made many stereoscopic printing companies, which have long been familiar with the application of ordinary image software, reluctant to switch to expensive professional software.
(2) Innovation in printing equipment promotes the progress of three-dimensional printing
As the application of UV technology continues to mature, many equipment manufacturers have introduced various types of UV offset presses. At the same time, printing plastic sheets with offset presses is no longer a problem. Heidelberg, Manroland, KBA, Komori, and Liyoubi have already launched offset presses with this function.
The innovation of offset printing equipment has greatly promoted the development of three-dimensional printing, and the printing on the grating is realized directly. Thereby, the production efficiency of the three-dimensional printing is greatly improved, and the product precision is sufficiently guaranteed.
(3) Multiple processes coexist
At present, the level of three-dimensional printing production in China is uneven, and various processes are used. The situation of three-dimensional printing enterprises is different, and the processes adopted are also different. However, it is mainly the two methods described in the previous section, that is, printing directly on the grating and printing on the paper first and then pasting on the grating, or pasting on the plastic film and then pressing out the grating.
(4) Strengthening environmental awareness
Stereoscopic printing, whether used on stationery or in food packaging or children's toys, should not be ignored. At present, the European and American markets have already had relevant laws and regulations in these fields, and China is constantly improving in this respect. If we still do not pay attention to environmental protection, we must restrict domestic printing companies to accept foreign orders to a certain extent.
During the interview, many interviewees also mentioned such problems. For example, the three-dimensional transform small card that was previously installed in instant noodle bags has been popular among children, but it has been restricted due to food safety and hygiene issues.
This problem involves almost all consumables in steric printing, including grating materials, inks, paper, adhesives, and the like. To be non-toxic and harmless, you must choose the best materials, which increases the production cost.
Fortunately, most of today's three-dimensional printing companies have recognized this trend, working on materials and making environmentally friendly products to retain more business.
(5) Technology needs to be innovated
In recent years, the domestic three-dimensional printing market has been greatly developed and a number of well-known enterprises have emerged, such as Wuliangye Push 3D Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Meibang Putte Technology Co., Ltd. But on the whole, domestic three-dimensional printing enterprises generally lack the spirit of innovation. The lack of innovative spirit mentioned here includes two aspects: First, lack of technological innovation; First, lack of product innovation.
Many domestic printing companies have insufficient understanding of new product development. As long as they have a job at hand, they will not actively seek technical breakthroughs, and rarely work hard to develop new products. Different from foreign countries, the printing methods such as fragrance and foaming grating which are rare in China have already been widely used in three-dimensional printing.
Today, printing companies are becoming more and more digital. Stereo printing companies should apply the latest technology to the field of three-dimensional printing. They should dare to explore, so that there will be great development.
2. Market development
(1) The foreign order is the protagonist
At present, foreign applications of stereoscopic printing are more extensive, and the market is relatively mature. Many foreign companies have taken a fancy to China's cheap labor and low cost and sent three-dimensional printing business to China to greatly reduce production costs.
Generally, the requirements for external orders are relatively high, and the materials used for grating materials and inks need to be imported, but even so, domestic three-dimensional printing enterprises can bring many benefits to foreign customers.
Of course, companies that only do domestic business are also widely existed. Relatively speaking, these enterprises are generally small in scale and use domestic consumables.
(2) by "machine" printing
At the beginning of the interview, there was such a phenomenon that caught the attention of the author. That is, some three-dimensional printing companies do not have their own printing equipment. After making the film, they need to get other printing factories to print the finished or semi-finished products. If it is cut or pressed, it will be taken back or pressed. Such a phenomenon of "machine" printing is not accidental, but a phenomenon that is common in the field of three-dimensional printing.
The reason is nothing more than the expensive printing equipment. The accuracy of three-dimensional printing is high. It is not a thicker coated paper or cardboard that is printed on the machine. It is a thicker grating. The performance of the printing machine is very high and the damage to the printing equipment is serious. Generally, only some imported equipment can be used. competent. However, the cost of purchasing these imported equipment is extremely high, and most domestic three-dimensional printing companies have chosen to use the "machine" printing method.
Looking forward to the new development of three-dimensional printing
The three-dimensional products have three kinds of stereoscopic, animated and dissimilar images, and the resulting changing effects are completely different from the traditional flat printing. Stereoscopic products are easy to capture people's attention because of their exquisite and novel features, and impress those who pursue new vitality. These special features enhance the added value of products, become an excellent means for customers to promote goods and improve the market image and novel advertising media. This product has been popular in Europe and America for many years, and the demand is very large.
At the same time, we should also see that three-dimensional printing should also have a large market in China. In addition, the prepress technology (software) and printing of three-dimensional printing are almost the same as ordinary printing, and ordinary printing houses can use it as a new one. Investment projects, especially when the cost of stereo printing is already acceptable to most printers, ordinary printing companies can increase their profits through this new investment project. Relatively speaking, stereo printing is more profitable than traditional printing.
During the interview, many interviewees provided us with a variety of versatile printing applications. Expanding the application field of three-dimensional printing is an important part of developing three-dimensional printing.
Stereo cartoon
The animated three-dimensional film can obtain a dynamic picture by changing the viewing angle. If the printed three-dimensional print is called a three-dimensional space print, and then the dynamic factors are added, the three-dimensional sense and animation can be combined to produce a new four-dimensional space print. This kind of three-dimensional print is more novel and has many applications.
2. Large format advertisement
Stereo-printed lightbox ads are not common now, but there have been many attempts. Since large-format advertising printing has high requirements on gratings and inks, this application is not much in China, mainly because the production cost is too high (the general advertising product volume is not large). However, many people in the industry are still very optimistic about this application, because now the competition in the light box advertising market is fierce, advertisers must come up with some novel and more tempting expressions to attract customers. At present, the three-dimensional printing is the best form of expression, and does not require expensive costs. As long as it is technically strictly controlled, it can produce beautiful three-dimensional prints. Therefore, in the near future, such an updated form of publicity media will certainly be favored by advertisers.
3. Anti-counterfeiting function
The imaging technology of the three-dimensional printing itself is equivalent to the optical encryption anti-counterfeiting method, and can not be as simple as the ordinary printed matter, and can be applied to the anti-counterfeiting label of tobacco, alcohol, beverage, cosmetics, clothing, medicine and the like. Some experts have boldly predicted that in the near future, three-dimensional printing trademarks will inevitably become the main anti-counterfeiting method.