Comparison of textile and non-woven printing processes
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No matter which industry is used for screen printing, screens of various materials are used as carriers for the film. However, there are some differences in how to choose the screen and plate making process. This article only covers the textiles from several aspects. "Printing" and non-textile "screen printing" are slightly compared for reference.
1. Prepress processing
1) Textile screen printing. Pattern design, black and white color separation (ie, positive film), generally adopt continuous shooting process photosensitive plate making, in addition to independent flower shape, mainly by manual operation, high technical requirements for workers, low work efficiency. The plate-making photosensitive material needs to be water-resistant.
2) Non-textile screen printing. The pattern is usually completed by photography or scanning. The color separation is mostly in four colors, and most of the printed patterns are independent. There is no printing process, and the photosensitive material is mostly solvent resistant.
2. Wire mesh material
It is the main material of screen printing. The silk screen weaved with silk has long been replaced by nylon mesh. Although nylon mesh has high strength, wear resistance and elasticity, it is susceptible to changes in temperature and humidity, and has greater flexibility. , affecting the accuracy of the plate, so when printing high-end products, polyester (polyester) wire mesh is commonly used. There are also wire mesh, such as nickel mesh for rotary screen printing and stainless steel wire for circuit boards. There are a wide variety of wire mesh specifications, ranging from 36 to 90 inches wide and from 80-500 mesh per inch, depending on the application.
3. Screen printing equipment
Screen printing equipment is very complex, from simple home workshops to modern equipment, the gap is very large, here can only be a simple distinction.
1) Textile screen printing has a round net and a net. The flat net equipment has a printing platen, an automatic flat screen printing machine and a rotary printing machine. The maximum width of the automatic flat screen machine is 3.2m, length is about 60m, maximum color is 24 colors, which belongs to large-scale equipment; textile screen printing is generally continuous printing, even if the hand-painted handkerchief, tablecloth, etc. of independent pattern are also printed after continuous printing, clothing piece and T The shirts are mostly printed on the turntable.
2) Non-textile screen printing equipment is more complicated. Due to the different printing methods and special printing effects, the printing equipment should be selected according to the printing object. In general, there are desktop manual, semi-automatic, fully automatic flat screen printing machines and drum type, curved surface, three-dimensional printing machines, etc., and most of the special equipment, the size of the printed area is also very large, their common feature is independent printing The system is mainly based on one workpiece (one workpiece and one workpiece are printed separately).
4. Difference in printing
Simply speaking, there is a difference between water and solvent (commonly known as oil).
1) Textile printing is generally based on dyes, especially on silk fabrics, and the corresponding dyes are used according to different fiber properties. The technical process and supporting equipment are relatively complicated, and the printing paste for printing is printed, which is called “aqueous ink”. Due to the practical needs, the color of textile screen printing must have a certain degree of fastness (not easy to fade), and its color change is large, so the slurry and color materials are generally sold and stored separately, and used as a printing when required. Pulp. There are also a number of special functional paint printing pastes, which are often not limited by the properties of the fabric fibers, so the screen printing of the coatings has a certain position.
2) Non-textile screen printing inks. These inks are almost all solvent-based. Its biggest feature is "speciality", which is what kind of ink is printed. Secondly, the color of the ink is mostly sold, such as four-color ink. There are also some special functional inks, such as foaming inks, bright inks, fluorescent inks, etc. In recent years, the variety of screen printing inks has been increasing and will not be reviewed.
5. Post-press processing
In the textile screen printing process, post-press processing is very important, and it must be fixed by high-temperature steaming or bake, so that the dye is combined with the textile fiber to ensure the color fastness. After fixing, it should be washed with water to remove the carrier in the printing paste and the unfixed dye to make the color brighter. Even if the coating process is used, it should be baked at a high temperature, but it can be washed without water. The post-processing of non-textile screen printing is generally simple, but it must also take some necessary treatment according to the quality requirements of printed products, such as photocuring of UV inks.