Color separation plate
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When does Hong Kong have color separation plates? In fact, this information cannot be obtained from the documentation. The evolution of color separation technology can be introduced to Hong Kong with the reference of the Shiyin and Pacific offset presses. The estimated color separation is coordinated with the change of printing methods. We can only trace back to the unique geographical conditions of Hong Kong before and after the Pacific War. Over the past 100 years, it has become the intersection of Chinese and Western cultures. Modern printing technology has been greatly influenced by the West. Lead-to-move type, mechanical printing, lithography, flat offset printing and plate-making technology have been introduced to China, and Hong Kong and Macao have borrowed bridges for Western technology. In particular, Western missionaries want to use printing to spread religion, and not for commercial profit. Therefore, they are willing to teach printing technology to Chinese workers, and promote the modernization of Chinese printing technology.
Although Hong Kong and Macao are the bridgeheads for importing western printing technology, because Hong Kong and Macao have small localities and small populations, there is not enough market space to allow the development of printing and plate-making business. China has a large land mass, a large population and a large market space until the last century. In the 1950s, the mastery and development of printing technology was still the most vigorous and advanced in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Since the early 1950s, a large number of domestic printing technicians have moved to Hong Kong. Entrepreneurs have also set up printing factories in Hong Kong and introduced the latest production equipment and technology to start the development of Hong Kong's printing industry.
Manual color separation
According to the retired plate-making technicians, the earliest color printing in Hong Kong was carried out by lithography. At that time, the color separation plates were all carried out by hand. Therefore, it took a long time to produce a set of color plates. The printed products were printed with iron. Lord, because the iron sheet has low flexibility and good color control, the most common finished products are the month card (calendar) and the moon cake box. These printed products were still common in the market in the 1960s when flat offset printing became popular. Printed iron products.
The early manual color separation was purely a combination of experience and technology. The master of manual color separation enjoyed a high status in the industry, and the rewards were the highest in the industry. Until the early 1950s, many Shiyin factories were also The color separation masters were founded; and those who have the skills and culture level, and the Svens who wear long gowns to work are collectively referred to as "Mr.", indicating that they are highly skilled and crowned their peers. Most of the first-generation color separation technicians have passed away, and the apprentices trained by them have mostly retired.
The author knows that the earliest color separation masters are also engaged in the lithographic business. In addition to their own owners, they also employ long-term technicians or recruit their own apprentices. The apprentices of the past are not the same as those guaranteed by the apprenticeship regulations today. They invite the familiar introducers first. After being accepted by the masters, they must go to the teacher’s ceremony and pay monthly by the parents. The master has a certain amount of filial piety. During the period of the teacher, not only must he learn basic skills such as grinding ink, drawing lines, etc., but also do chores to take care of the master's daily diet.
I believe that the earliest professional color separation technician in Hong Kong is Mr. He Yuquan, the honorary of Mr. He Jiaxuan of Changxing Printing Co., Ltd. (called He Bo in the printing industry). He was born in Panyu County, Guangdong Province. He was born in the former Qing Dynasty in 1897 and started at the age of thirteen. After being an apprentice in the Guangdong Printing Bureau of Guangzhou, after 10 years of apprenticeship training, he has fully understood and applied the expertise of color separation, plate making and printing to become a specialist in the printing industry. At the age of 24 in 1921, Hong Kong's Asian lithography bureau hired He Bo to return to Hong Kong for a high salary. From a monthly salary of 25 Hong Kong dollars to a monthly salary of 105 Hong Kong dollars, it became the highest paid worker in Hong Kong. In 1927, he left the Asian Bureau of Stone Printing to cooperate with friends. In 1939, he founded the Changxing Printing Factory until his death in 1999. At the age of 102, he was the elder of the Hong Kong printing industry. Afterwards, Mr. Wu Zuyin, although most of the color separation masters had part-time jobs in the past, they were all stationed in a printing factory. Only Mr. Wu Zuyin was not hired, and he was coloring and making plates for customers at home. The founder of the plate-making company, but Mr. Wu only operates in his personal capacity and does not have a company name. In addition, Mr. Yan Wenzhao, who has been working as a freelance printer for the service, has written the prescriptions and prescriptions he wrote on the day. Since there was no color photography in the past, the manuscript must be drawn by the artist. The most famous beauty painter in the 1940s and 1950s was Mr. Zhang Rizhen. His paintings of moon cards, cake pots and toilet waters are still visible today.
In the past, the manual color separation, the process is extremely complicated, the early left-hand printing, the direct printing on the stone (reverse writing) plate making is the most difficult to handle, because the film is still not used, so when the color separation is traced, the original image must be reflected by the mirror. In the mirror surface, because the printing ink is not CMYK four-color printing as it is today, it is generally selected according to the coloring position of the image. The most common is the seven-color printing, which is to make seven pieces of color-separating stone, the most beautiful color. There are as many as thirteen colors in the painting, and each color has to be adjusted to a specific ink, which is equivalent to today's so-called spot color printing.
According to the teacher's recollection, the former manual color separation must first have good basic skills, that is, the hand must be fixed, the technology is skillful and dexterous. According to the original picture, the plant glue is outlined by the outline, the negative part is indicated by the solid line, and the light part is dotted with the dotted line as the ratio of the depth of the net image, and the line is displayed by the vapor ink (light ink), which is called “blue mold”. , painted on translucent lithographic adhesive tape, and then embossed with a stylus pen, rubbed black ink, and then printed the black ink with paste paper, transferred to a long fiber of the punch paper, The blue enamel powder is swept up, and then it is passed over the rock. After washing with water, the outline will appear. Each color will be dropped by a stone according to the procedure, and then the ink brush and the duck pen will be painted with the outline of the ink. Tone is to use a young pen to point the net. The anti-white part should be mixed with red pigment as a covering liquid to achieve the anti-white effect in the field. As for the flat net used, it is a raised version of the dot, which determines the thickness of the dot by the number. At that time, the printing technology can produce the effect of the third network, which is equivalent to one hundred and fifty today. Line network, but generally use the fifth network, which is equivalent to today's one hundred network.
The plate-making materials used in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly such as lithographs and ink sticks, are imported from Europe, and the price is very expensive. After each printing, the stone plate must be honed for the next application. Of course, the stone grinding on the stone is also handled by human hands. It takes a long time to make it smooth and even after the whole stone is polished. It requires high skill. In the 1950s, because the price of stone was not easy to obtain, and it was difficult to handle it, it was gradually changed to zinc plate. The grinding plate and the gluing part were also treated mechanically. According to the information, the earliest grinding material was crushed by mash. The glass is made into a powder and used as a grinding material, which is later replaced with silicon carbide.
If it is the era of manual color separation from the post-war period to the fifties, Hong Kong's plate-making technology is indeed deeply influenced by Shanghai and Guangzhou. At that time, the lithographic plate was not universal, and the technicians who mastered the fine technology were extremely Less, resulting in imbalance between supply and demand, and the process is slow and complicated. The general set of color plates is about one month old. At that time, a set of monthly beauty paintings would cost HK$800. In terms of the value of the past, it is equivalent to more than 10,000 yuan today.