Changes in China's Screen Printing Process in the 30 Years of Reform and Opening up
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Since the reform of the national economy, from the planned economy to the market economy, various production industries have developed rapidly. With the development of the market economy in the urban construction management and the construction of the four modernization, China's screen printing industry has broad prospects, and there is more room for development and potential market. China's screen printing industry has developed rapidly.
In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has undergone tremendous changes. Under the impetus of reform and opening up, China's screen printing industry has developed rapidly. Various screen printing enterprises are constantly changing their concepts, strengthening enterprise management, deepening system reform, and seeking survival and development in a highly competitive environment. After 30 years of hard work, small and medium-sized enterprises in the screen printing industry have grown from small to large, and have been developed into famous enterprises with poor management, outdated equipment, backward technology, insufficient production conditions, and unable to meet the needs of users' social and cultural life. .
According to the industry survey of China Screen Printing and Imaging Association in 2001, there are more than 300,000 screen printing and processing enterprises in China, more than 200 screen printing equipment and equipment manufacturers, and the number of employees has grown to about 150,000. There are more than 50 kinds of screen printing products. According to the survey data from the China Statistics Information Center, 70% of screen printing companies have an annual output of about 1 million. With the deepening of the reform and opening up of the market economy, foreign advanced screen printing technology, equipment and materials have entered the Chinese screen printing market, and China's screen printing technology has been popularized and developed.
At present, China's small and medium-sized screen printing enterprises are still dominated by manual and semi-automatic printing machines. Medium-sized and above screen printing companies, such as large advertising companies, transfer decals screen printing factories, large glass screen printing factories, etc., use semi-automatic or fully automatic screen printing machines.
First, the changes and development of modern screen printing technology
For many years, screen printing has generally been hand-printed in lines, color blocks, patterns, and text in monochrome. The prepress process has evolved from manual plate making to photo separation and screening. Currently, halftone screen printing processes using electronic color separation machines and color desktop systems are used. By the year 2000, a four-color screened T-shirt product appeared on the screen printing market, and the production of the color tone screen printing process began.
In 2001, in order to promote the popularization and development of the color reproduction process of screen printing, China Screen Printing and Imaging Association launched a mass gold medal evaluation activity in the national network printing industry. Through this activity, the technical exchanges and mutual learning and observation of the screen printing industry have been strengthened, and the purpose of common improvement has been achieved. At the same time, the quality of screen printing equipment and equipment materials in China has been improved, and the development of screen printing technology has been promoted.
In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's screen printing technology has developed rapidly, from manual screening, photo separation and screening, to computer electronic color separation and screening, amplitude modulation and screening, dark substrate simulation of spot color screening; From 30 line inches to 120 lines, some manufacturers use the FM screening process. The color halftone screen printing process started late in China but developed rapidly. Some product quality has reached the advanced technology level of international screen printing quality.
Since the mass competition of the Golden Net Awards, it has had a profound impact on the popularity and improvement of China's screen printing technology. Since the 13th session has been held, it has received great support and active participation from members and screen printing colleagues. The improvement of the production and process technology of screen printing equipment, equipment and materials in China is greatly promoted. At the 1996 International Screen Printing Exhibition in Guangzhou, the 6th China Golden Net Awards exhibits were exhibited on the same stage as the Asia Pacific Excellence Awards. The screen printing workers visiting at home and abroad have observed and compared the two exhibits. Some domestic products are close to the international advanced level, but some products still have gaps. Through the study and study, it has greatly promoted the domestic online printing industry. The people who visited the booth of the boutique awards, the people who photographed, the people who copied the materials, the people who consulted, the people who want to sample the exhibits, the people who want to display the business cards of the exhibitors, and the number of people who have the gold medals are less. Through the comparison of exhibits, mutual research and learning complement each other to find out the gap and propose a catch-up plan. At the time of the 7th Golden Net Awards sample exhibition, the printing quality of domestic large-scale advertising network printing products reached the international screen printing level. The quality of these exhibits is high, the overprinting is accurate, the graphic printing is refined, the color reproduction is correct, and the layers are bright and three-dimensional, which is highly praised by the visitors.
In 2003, at the Shanghai International Screen Printing Exhibition, the 11th Golden Net Award of the Henghui Cup and the 2nd Asia-Pacific Regional Excellence Award were exhibited on the same stage. At this exhibition, the gold medals have more exhibits and more boutiques, and there are many types of samples for the exhibition. The quality of screen printing in China has been improved. Five gold medals, eight silver medals and ten bronze medals were awarded. At this time, there were many people on the Golden Net Awards booth. Most of the foreign friends and domestic screen printing workers gathered at the Golden Net Awards booth. They were very concerned about China's screen printing exhibits. They visited, photographed and consulted the technical situation of the manufacturers. Through this exhibition, we can see that China's screen printing technology has developed by leaps and bounds. The quality of exhibits is much more excellent, and it has reached the high standard of screen printing in terms of image definition, color setting and overprinting precision.
Second, the application of digital inkjet promotes the development of screen printing technology
Digital inkjet printer
The screen printing process has been hit by digital inkjet printing in recent years. Some of the jobs in large-scale advertising, large-format color tone screen printing and fabric printing have been replaced by digital inkjet technology, but some jobs still require screen printing because screen printing has unique features, such as The substrate has strong adaptability and large format, and can print on various materials of various shapes. The adaptability to ink is large, and the ink layer thickness is usually above 25 microns. The quality of printed products has unique artistic performance. The effect is that the screen printing thick plate process can print the effect of three-dimensional rounded corners and three-dimensional right-angled graphics, and can also realize the printing effect of thick dispensing glue, rubber beads and melting beads; the high-grade imitation metal etching printing in packaging and printing Tobacco, wine, food packaging boxes, etc. are very popular with users. However, some of the digital printing inks do not match the ink, and some inkjet inks are not of good quality, so they cannot completely replace screen printing.
The printing of large-scale advertisements and flat glass has developed with the development of the market economy. Various glass printings are on the rise and development stage. In the past, large-scale jobs were screen-printed. The introduction of large-scale inkjet printers was exhibited at the Guangzhou International Screen Printing Exhibition in 1992. The large-scale digital inkjet printers were exhibited and product introductions and operation performances were carried out. At that time, there was a great shock to the domestic screen printing audience and the screen printing industry. Will screen printing be replaced by a large inkjet printing process? After years of production practice, some screen printing business can not be completed with inkjet technology. Experts believe that the application of large-scale inkjet digital machines will transform the traditional process of screen printing, making the screen printing process more vital. At present, some screen printing manufacturers in China have set up two production lines of large-scale inkjet printing and screen printing. Personalized small-volume jobs are completed by the inkjet process, and large-volume live sources are screen-printed. Because of the low cost of screen printing and simple process, it can be printed with special ink or UV-resistant ink to ensure printing quality.
Third, the development of screen printing equipment and materials
At present, most of the screen printing enterprises in China mainly produce manual and semi-automatic screen printing machines. Manufacturers using fully automatic presses have ceramic decals and packaging, large advertising and glass printing plants. Generally, it is a monochrome machine. The larger screen printing factory uses imported equipment, equipment and materials to ensure the printing quality. Some companies have greatly improved their equipment and process technology. Domestic equipment materials such as screen printing machines, screens, photographic adhesives, inks and their auxiliary equipment and materials have been self-sufficient in China, and some products have been exported.
With the development of screen printing technology, domestic large-scale screen printing equipment and materials have been developed. For example, Beijing Meinung has launched a large-scale screen printing equipment, a large-scale projection plate-making machine, which can produce film, large-scale printing machine, and a screen printing film, which can enlarge pictures from 30 lines to 40 lines. The FM network can reach 240dpi, 2x2 spot, and the maximum size is 1.6Mx6M. Large screen printing presses can be printed directly on billboards, on flat glass and on other substrates. Vacuum suction positioning, scraper return ink knife can be adjusted and convenient to operate. The maximum printing area is 1.8x4M, and the model is automatic and economical. The large screen coating machine can reach 2Mx3M, uniform coating to ensure quality, and complete facilities and corresponding supporting services.
Beijing Xinxin Ruiming has developed a large screen printing color laser phototypesetting machine to output silver salt photographic film. The method of inputting the original into the computer through electric division scanning, performing image processing, color separation and color correction, creative screening, graphic and text integration, full page processing, and finally outputting Y, M, C, K four large-format color separation negative films. . Guangzhou Wantongda Heat Transfer Products Co., Ltd. produces dark-colored printed matter simulation spot color plus net T-shirt brand-name products. His products have won gold and silver awards in the domestic gold medal and Asia-Pacific boutique awards many times. Image color separation and processing software, screen printing technology package and various screen printing supporting materials.
Glass screen printing machine
Beijing Wenzhou Automatic Glass Screen Printing Machine is a screen printing equipment and supporting production line specially produced by Beijing Wenzhou Screen Printing Machinery Co., Ltd. The whole production line includes washing machine, testing conveyor, self-positioning machine, automatic glass screen printing machine, far-infrared dryer, cold air-cooling machine, horizontal unloading machine, etc. (this equipment is a monochrome printing production line). After strong cooling (air conditioning cooling), you can enter the secondary printing production line (printing of the conductive silver paste of the rear glass of the car). The production line has high automation, simple and fast operation, scientific control program design and multi-level protection.
In the past 30 years, domestic screen printing equipment and materials have been fully developed, and some equipment and equipment materials have been converted from imports to exports. Screen printing machines, screens, photographic inks and other auxiliary equipment and materials have been self-sufficient in the country, and some equipment materials have been exported.
The development of computer direct network technology (CTS) has been around for 20 years. Screen printing direct plate making (CTS) eliminates the process of discharging sheets, rinsing imposition, and printing, saving plate making time and improving plate making quality. The image resolution can reach 600dPi, and the dot reduction can reach 5-90%, which improves the overprinting precision and makes the graphic level more rich. CTS direct plate making is the inevitable development direction of screen printing process, but in China's screen printing industry, the application of CTS technology is relatively slow, but with the development of screen printing technology, it will gradually try, in the near future, in the screen printing industry Set off the application and popularization of direct plate making technology.
Fourth, the management of environmental quality
Domestic environmental quality management has been greatly improved after governance, but there are still some problems that need to be solved. For example, a large amount of solvent-based ink is used in the printing process, and contains 50% to 60% of a volatile solvent. In addition to the diluent for adjusting the viscosity of the ink during printing, the volatile component content during the drying of the ink is 70% to 80%. These volatile gases do not have exhausting equipment, which can cause damage to the human liver and nervous system, and cause great harm to the environment. The state has strict environmental protection requirements for the environmental protection requirements of screen printing enterprises. It attaches great importance to the installation of air purification devices (purifiers and filters) for the screen printing operation workshop environment. After sampling survey, enterprises that meet the green environmental protection standards account for about 20%. %, screen printing companies using wastewater treatment systems accounted for 14.1%. Less than 10% of companies recycle solvents. We hope to use safer chemicals in the production of screen printing products. Comply with the 12 rules of the green chemical movement to produce pollution-free products.
Conclusion:
In summary, in the process of reform and opening up, China's screen printing industry has developed rapidly. Digital printing is rapidly developing the development of screen printing technology. Digital printing is not a grave-digger for screen printing but a helper.