Biodegradable material Polylactic acid (PLA)-a green plastic with good performance
Polylactic acid overview:
Polylactic acid, English name: Polylactic Acid or Polylactide, abbreviation: PLA, is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester. Polylactic acid has good mechanical and processing properties, and polylactic acid products can be quickly degraded in various ways after being discarded. Therefore, polylactic acid is regarded as a green plastic with good usability. Polylactic acid has the basic characteristics of general polymer materials and can be used for most synthetic plastics. It can be widely used in packaging industry, textile industry, agricultural industry, consumer goods market, etc. Polylactic acid has excellent biodegradability. It can be completely degraded by microorganisms in the soil within one year after being discarded, generating CO2 and water, and causing no pollution to the environment. Truly "derive from nature and attribute to nature".
Polylactic acid product performance:
1: Good mechanical and physical properties: Polylactic acid is suitable for various processing methods such as blow molding and thermoplastics. It is easy to process and has a wide range of applications. It can be used to process various plastic products, packaged food, fast food lunch boxes, non-woven fabrics, industrial and civilian fabrics from industry to civilian use. And then processed into agricultural fabrics, health care fabrics, wipes, sanitary products, outdoor anti-ultraviolet fabrics, tent fabrics, floor mats, etc.
Performance comparison between PLA fiber and common fiber
2: Good compatibility and degradability: Polylactic acid is also widely used in the field of medicine, such as the production of disposable infusion equipment, non-dismantling surgical sutures, etc., and low-molecular-weight polylactic acid as a drug sustained-release packaging agent.
3: Polylactic acid (PLA) has good gloss and transparency: PLA film has the same gloss and transparency as polystyrene film, which is unmatched by other biodegradable products.
4: Polylactic acid (PLA) has the best tensile strength and ductility: Polylactic acid can be produced by various common processing methods, such as melt extrusion molding, injection molding, blown film molding, foam molding and vacuum molding. It has similar molding conditions as the currently widely used polymers. Therefore, polylactic acid can adapt to the needs of different industries and be made into various application products.
5: Polylactic acid (PLA) film has good air permeability, oxygen permeability and carbon dioxide permeability. It also has the characteristics of odor isolation. Viruses and molds are easily attached to the surface of biodegradable plastics, so there are concerns about safety and hygiene. However, polylactic acid is the only biodegradable plastic with excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties. When incineration of polylactic acid (PLA), its combustion calorific value is the same as that of incineration paper, which is half of that of traditional plastics (such as polyethylene). In addition, incineration of polylactic acid will never release toxic gases such as nitrides and sulfides.
Polylactic acid product application:
1: Medical field: surgical suture
Polylactic acid as a surgical suture has the following advantages:
i. It has complete biocompatibility, the intermediate products and final products of decomposition are non-toxic and harmless to the human body, and are not teratogenic;
ii. Appropriate mechanical strength, good fiber flexibility and elasticity, and its knotting and knot holding properties meet the requirements of clinical surgery;
The product is stable, easy to store, resistant to disinfection, and easy to sterilize. It is implanted in the body for a certain period of time, and the strength remains stable, which is beneficial to wound healing;
iv. After the wound is healed, it will automatically degrade and absorb without removing stitches;
v. There are few adverse reactions after surgery, scars and lumps are not easy to appear on the wound, and the infection rate is low. Has been approved by the US FDA for clinical use
2: Packaging field:
The harmless properties of PLA make it have a wide range of application prospects in the packaging field, mainly used as tableware, food packaging bags, etc. PLA material has a smooth surface, high transparency and good barrier properties. It can completely replace polystyrene and PET in certain application fields, thereby greatly reducing white pollution. Meals made from polylactic acid are non-toxic, harmless, odorless, and non-mold. After being replaced and discarded, they can be completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms.
3: Textile field:
Fabrics made of polylactic acid have better flame retardancy than traditional fabrics. After experimental comparison, polylactic acid fabrics will only shrink and gather when exposed to open flames, and there is no smoke and odor, while ordinary fabrics are ignited when exposed to open flames. The pungent smell is heavy. It is reported that at present, PLA fabrics have been used in school uniforms, non-woven fabrics, home textiles, aviation blankets and other fields.
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