Bar code in the printing industry
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No matter where we go, we will see barcodes, which often appear on small packages in the grocery store, hospital or library. The reason is obvious: barcodes are the most reliable way to identify and track products using electronic instruments.
There are several different types of barcodes or symbologies for different purposes. For retail products, the EAN code (barcode symbol system UPC/EAN-general product code/drink item number) types EAN13, EAN8 and EAN128 are frequently used, and in medical areas (clinic or hospital), Codabar is often seen. In many industries, Code39 has been developed, alternating five-and-two-code and 128-symbol systems.
Barcodes are one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and sometimes three-dimensional; the most common one-dimensional code. In a one-dimensional barcode, all information is on the X-axis so that they can be read with a simple reading device (reading pen, touch reader or scanner). One-dimensional barcodes include alternating five-and-two codes, Code39, EAN8, and EAN13, as well as Codabar and Code128. Alternating five codes and two codes is a digital unique bar code symbol system. Characters are encoded in pairs, with bars representing the first character and spaces representing the second character. Code39 encodes only uppercase letters, numbers, and seven special characters, while Code128 is a full-letter barcode. Compared to Code39, Code128 requires less space for the same amount of information. Each bar code has its own specifications that specify the printed symbols and how the device reads and how to decode the printed symbols. In addition, there must be a static zone before the first digit and after the last digit to ensure that the scanning device can detect the start and end of the code.
Printing companies can use traditional printing methods (offset, lithographic, gravure or silk screen), digital printing methods (digital offset printing, inline inkjet printing or inline ion deposition), with digital bar code printing equipment (single sheet feeding laser printers or Inkjet printers) print barcodes.
In bar code printing, certain prerequisites must be met. These prerequisites are in the technical specifications of bar codes, which have been taken into account in the preparation of bar codes. The printer must determine the minimum recommended symbol size based on the press or print characterization test, color/substrate conditions, and the optimal orientation of the symbol on the printed web. The EAN13 code is a standard for marking books and periodicals. It is a numeric code that can encode numbers 0-9. The EAN code can be printed at different widths, but the EAN13 symbol is at the symbol height (including the text) 25.93mm (1.02in) and the target X dimension 0.33mm (0.13in) based on the symbol target width and height (100% magnification) There is a fixed relationship between them. The symbol magnification of the EAN on the SC screen (the term broad rate is used to indicate a range of magnifications below or above the target value specified by the omnidirectional scanning environment) can only be used with the resolution corresponding to the SC screen. Rate is obtained for 150dpi, 300dpi or 600dpi printers. Indeed, although EAN can only be printed on a 203dpi printer and most barcode scanners can interpret it, this code is above the standard and does not guarantee that all scanners will be able to read it.
Since all bar codes have minimal contrast between bars and spaces, black stripes and white space are used for best results. But other color combinations also produce good scans, as most scanners use red light, except for the "red" for the bar. (Red barcodes can only be decoded using a blue light scanner).
A two-dimensional code is a code that gives information not only on the X-axis but also on the Y-axis. In general, this means that two sets of Code 39 are printed on one layer and connected to each other. This saves space mainly by using two-dimensional code. The first set of two-dimensional code called Code49 was adopted in 1989. Since then, six sets of other code have been invented or redesigned to keep the information as small as possible. In the space. The first two-dimensional code, such as Code49, Codabar, or Code16k, is very similar to one-dimensional code and is therefore called a cascading symbology or multiple lines of code. The data is encoded in a series of stripes and spaces of different widths.
In the matrix two-dimensional code, the stripes disappear. They encode data based on the position of the black point in the matrix. With their high-density bar codes, they meet the needs of the hygienic and electronics industries, as the units of the free space metering integrated circuit of the unit are connected and the printed circuit boards are scarce.
Right now, there are more than 20 different 2D codes, such as 3-DI, Array-TAG, Aztec Code, Code 1, CP Code, Data-Glyphs, QQR-Code, SuperCode, Snowflake Code, Data Matrix, Maxi; , or PDF417. The Portable Data File (PDF) 417 begins with the administration of plastic cards, ID cards, driving licenses and even substitutes for stamps, while Maxi Code can be used for package tracking and logistics services. The benefit of complex 2D code is that even if 50% of the code is corrupted, the information still exists. The test of the code is called "Reed Soloman Error Correction". This test was originally developed by Reed Solomon for the transmission of data from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) because the data was only lost during transmission from space and only changed again through special error correction algorithms. Visible.
The three-dimensional code, the variable code, has not been determined. Furthermore, in addition to the X and Y dimensions, we have a three-dimensional copy of the information by means of the color as the third data carrier. Therefore, Color Ultracode, developed by Zebra Technologies in 1997, is already a three-dimensional code. The code includes numeric and alphanumeric modes as well as advanced language/code page handling and optional Reed Solomon error correction. Supports black/white and high density color versions. The most interesting feature is that it can encode not only Latin letters, but also Russian, Chinese and Japanese letters.
Annotation:
1, UPC: Universal Product Code (Universal Product Code)
2, EAN: European Article Number (European Article Number)