Jianyang, Liancheng and Ninghuan became the first printing and cultural protection base in the country
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In Nanping Jianyang, Liancheng Sibao, and Sanming Ninghua, there is a common new name this year - "The Printing Museum of Fujian Printing Culture Protection Base". Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Fujian Provincial Press and Publication Bureau that this base is the first printing culture protection base in the country and the first public welfare business base in the national press and publishing industry.
Turning over the history of ancient Chinese printing, the ancient printing industry in Fujian has gained prominence. Among them, from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, they took the lead in the country for a long time. Fujian ancient books have excellent conditions for engraving, large-scale, skilled, and numerous, and are rare in the country. From the perspective of regional distribution, the engraved printing industry covers eight areas and is a province-wide industry.
The long and splendid history of printing development has left many valuable historic sites, relics, cultural relics, traditional printing techniques, and printing culture for Fujian.
After the base has been established, there is still a lot of work to do. In 2016, the province will carry out investigations of printed cultural heritage to understand and master the basic conditions of traditional printing culture heritage, including types, numbers, distribution status, living environment, protection status and existing problems, and form a “traditional printing culture remains list”. , forming a database and national networking. With regard to the remains of cultural relics and other relics belonging to the “Traditional Printing Culture Remaining List”, joint protection measures shall be taken for multiple departments to provide rescue protection for those in an endangered state, and to avoid damage and loss of cultural relics.
The two Song Dynasty scholars gather together to build a positive promotion of the printing industry
Among ancient books, Jianyang in Fujian province left many famous rare editions. In the Northern Song Dynasty thousands of years ago, Masha and Fangfang in Jianyang were well-known printing and publishing centers nationwide. Yu Renzhong engraved the "Nine Classics" and "Songs of the Nine Classics and the Third Classic of the Nine Classics" by Song Yuezhang. Among them, "Spring and Autumn Rams", "Book of Rites", "Book of Rites" and other engraved editions have the reputation of "Opening, Reading, Exquisite and Exquisite". However, there are only a handful of ancient constructions left over from ancient times. The number of ancient rare books of the year is also very few.
It is also known as "Jiananben" and "Mashaben". It is an ancient book carved in the area of Masha and Lifang in northern Jianyang. Due to the fact that the construction is based on private engraving and square engraving, innovations have been made in book engraving and typesetting. During the Song and Song Dynasties, Jianben and Zheben and Sakamoto were known to each other. Jianyang Masha and Shufang had become one of the three major carving and printing centers in China. The construction of this book has a wide range of products and marketing, and Masha and Book Square have also received the reputation of “a house of books” and “shulin”.
Jianyang Wu Gang is the inheritor of the intangible heritage of the foundation and was recently busy collecting rare books for the museum.
"From the perspective of modern people, Jianyang is not a bustling place." He told reporters that in the Song Dynasty, Jianyang was considered to be a key city in the provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang, and Hebei, and the transportation was convenient. The local forest resources are abundant and the paper industry is developed.
The most important thing is that, at the turn of the Song Dynasty, there were Daru "Mr. Nan Jiansan" Yang Shi, Luo Congyan, and Li Kui. In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were "Cau Ting school" represented by Zhu Xi, Cai Yuanding, and Huang Gan. As a large group of scholars to teach in the late; the Chinese Academy of Literature, the style of prosperous, for the engraving industry to bring a unique environment.
The reporter also learned that Jianyang carved books are sold far north to south, to Taiwan and North Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries.
Hakka ancestral Ninghua retain a full set of movable type printing
There is a separate area in the Ninghua Hakka Museum. The inheritors will demonstrate live characters in the field.
The inventor Qiu Hengyong can demonstrate a complete set of wood typesetting and typesetting process, from the mold, lettering, picking, loading, drafting, cutting, polishing, printing, proofreading to binding, each process can be described as scientific and rigorous.
Ninghua currently holds nearly 400,000 pieces of wooden movable characters, both ancestral and new. The type of movable type printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It began in the engraving and printing of the Sui dynasty and was developed and perfected through the Northern Song Dynasty. It produced a muddy movable type printing. Later, in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yu, an agronomist in the Yuan Dynasty, created wood type in the second year (1298) of Dade. “Wooden type letters” is carved into single words using sapwood, lotus trees, etc. Because it is more convenient to draw materials, the cost is not high, and it is relatively simple and rapid to manufacture, it has become a kind of movable type commonly used in the history of Chinese movable type printing, which can be called the printing of the world. Living fossils.
Ninghua is a world-famous Hakka ancestor, with 95% of its pure Hakka families. The Hakka people regard the revision and imprinting of the genealogical records as an auspicious cause. At present, Ninghua's relatively complete wood type printing genealogy is Qing Zhengzheng's Xie Clan Genealogy, and the Lan Lan Yi Long's spectrum is printed with the words “Cuihua, Diandian, Chendi”. It can be seen that the wood type of the Qing Dynasty Ninghua still prevails.
Qiu Hengyong told reporters that Ninghua is a Hakka ancestor and needs to print a large number of genealogies. From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Ninghua began to use the wood type printed book genealogy. The huge demand for genealogy has provided a huge market for wood type printing. In the past, there were “spectacles” specialized in genealogy in the countryside. When the autumn harvest is finished, the “spectator” will take the word and take a look at the performance of the surrounding townships.
“Now the clan genealogies are all typeset on computers, and wood type letters decline quickly. If it is not the protection of these years, it will be difficult to survive.” Qiu Hengyong said that craftsmen like him are gradually getting more and more up.
Liancheng Sibao Ming and Qing Dynasties is one of the four major engraving centers in China
In Liancheng County, there was a building complex with four-carvers-printed ancient bookshop sites, and a number of books and printing tools such as the ancient Qing Dynasty engravings and “Tingban” books were also preserved in the buildings.
The Sibao Bookstore was mainly established in the two villages of Wuge and Mawu. It has opened a hundred bookstores for large and small books and has carved the book industry into a village-wide family handicraft industry. There are hundreds of Sibao people selling books in other provinces. This family workshop, which has been handed down from generation to generation, has been handed down by generations and generations. These bookshops have strict division of labor. There are dedicated personnel responsible for all aspects of layout design, writing proofreading, engraving plates, binding sub-volumes, labeling packages, and transportation and sales to form a complete production and sales system.
In the centuries of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the four-carving printing books were sold to 150 counties and cities in 13 provinces. They once had the reputation of “monopoly of Jiangnan, marketing nationwide, and exporting overseas”. After the Qing Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing, the printing industry in Jiangnan. Almost monopolized by the Sibao Bookseller. At that time, there were nearly 300 bookshops in Sibao and there were a large variety of printed books. There were more than 1,000 types of books, including enlightenment books, historical records, medicine, novels, and poetry.
At that time, the book engraving industry in Fujian developed. Due to the fact that Yubei is a major traffic artery, it is inevitable that the Jianyang engraved book industry will be weaker than before. The Qing Dynasty took Fuzhou and Liancheng four fortune as the most engraved books.
It is understood that Sibao is located at the junction of four counties of Liancheng, Qingliu, Ninghua and Changting in the west of China. It was originally Changting (Tingzhou) and is now Sibao Township of Liancheng County. Sibao engraving printing industry originated in the Song Dynasty, developed in the Ming Dynasty, flourished in Qing, and Beijing, Hubei Hankou, Jiangxi Liwan and known as the four major Chinese printing base.