Color and color management terminology
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1. achromatic color
A color with zero chroma, that is, gray at various levels between black, white, and black and white.
2. Black body black body
Also known as a complete radiator, it is neither reflective nor transmissive, but an object that can absorb all the radiation falling on it, and completely follow the Planck's law of radiation under the action of radiation.
3. Black body radiation
Also known as Plankian radiator. The spectral energy distribution of blackbody radiation varies with temperature; as the temperature increases, the peak wavelength varies with the color of red, clear, yellow, green, and blue.
4. Brightness brightness
Distinguish the degree of color shading.
5. Calibration
The process of ensuring that all color production devices (scanners, displays, printers) conform to specifications or standard conditions at the time of manufacture by the manufacturer, user or industry.
6. Feature Description
The process of determining the output of the system in response to a known input, the characterization providing a means of obtaining the full color gamut and replication characteristics of the device.
7. Color adaptation chromatic adaptation
The human eye changes its visual sensing ability with the color and brightness of the environment.
8. Chromaticity diagram
A chromaticity coordinate is represented on a plane.
9. Chromaticity
A measure of the intensity of visual perception of the naked eye.
10. Chroma chroma
Referred to as C, to distinguish the degree of color.
11. Colorimeter colorimeter
A three-color measuring device used to reflect or transmit light from the surface of an object, similar to a human eye, to convert reflected or transmitted light into a mathematical mode. A colorimeter is used to calibrate the characterization of the display and the characterization of the press.
12. Color temperature
Indicates the spectral characteristics of the source. When the spectral distribution of a light source is the same as the blackbody radiation, the absolute temperature corresponding to the blackbody radiation at this time is called the color temperature of the light source.
13. Chroma value colorimetric values
Three values representing the tristimulus values of the color stimulation characteristics.
14. Complementary color
In the additive color method, when two kinds of color lights produce white light when mixed in equal amounts, or when the two colors are mixed in equal color, the black color is generated, and the two colors are called complementary colors.
15. Color Spectrometer color spectrum meter
A color measurement system that measures the spectral distribution of an object in the visible range and its chromaticity.
16. Third color space CIE L*a*b*
International Commission on Illumination: A mathematical color module based on human visual spectral sensitivity to light, with three dimensions of L* = lightness, a* = spatial red-green axis, and b* = spatial blue-yellow axis.
17.CMM color matching module CMM
A color conversion calculation that accepts color data and transforms it into another color space reference data map.
18.CMS color management system color management system
Writing color expertise and science into software attempts to simplify color reproduction and automate color adjustments, allowing users to easily, quickly and quickly complete color reproduction.
19. Color gamut color gamut
The range of chromaticity spaces that a color device can display.
20. color difference
The color difference ΔEab* in the CIE L*A*B* color space, the color difference ΔEuv* in the CIE LUV color space.
21. Color constancy color constancy
Regardless of how the conditions of the light source change, the visual perception of the color of the object always wants to maintain a certain phenomenon.
22. Color appearance module color appearance model
The mathematical model is used to describe the change in chromaticity of the human eye.
23. color system color (order) system
A method of expressing color space or position using data, coordinates, three-dimensional space, or other means, such as Munsell system, PANTONE system, Lab, Lxy.
24. Color matching color matching
Adjust the intensity of chromaticity between different devices and objects so that the human eye is consistent in perception.
25. Color mixing system
A system that mixes colors into millions of colors, usually in both additive and subtractive colors.
26. Color rendering index
The degree to which the light source is rendered to the color of the object is also the degree of color fidelity.
27. Color space color space
Equally important to the three-dimensional spatial range, mathematically defining a device that can be printed or displayed in terms of chroma and chroma.
28. Cone cells cone
Located in the human eye, the cone cells can be divided into red cone cells, green cone cells, and blue cone cells; the three primary color theory of color and its evolution. It only works when it is brighter (more than a few nits), suitable for low-light vision, which has low sensitivity, high resolution and color resolution.
29. Conversion conversion
Converting a color image from one device's color space to another, also known as color conversion.
30. Relative color temperature
If the spectral distribution of a light source is different from that of blackbody radiation, but its color characteristics are close to the blackbody radiation color temperature of a certain temperature, the color temperature is the relative color temperature.
31. Concentration meter densitometer
A device that measures the amount of black and white or four-color light reflected or transmitted through the surface of an object. Reflectance densitometers are used to read the concentration of the four-color ink on the press. Other values such as dot gain, overprint, and chroma errors can be calculated. Transmittance meters are used to read the density of the color separation, black and white, or color film.
32. diffuser diffuser
The diffuser can reflect the incident light uniformly to various angles.
33. The dot is up.
The percentage (or tonal value) of the actual increase in the total tonal range or the percentage of a particular halftone dot. For example, if the 20% dot gain increases, the 50% midpoint will show 70% dot, and the color tone of the copy will be significantly different from the original.
34. Error diffusion method
A technique commonly used for image processing, especially for color image processing. It is a corresponding processing method for spreading high frequency signals around the surrounding points.
35. Hue curve gamma curve
For a device such as a screen, the corresponding function curve between the input value and the output value.
36.GCR gray replacement Gray Component Replacement
This technique can enhance the fine portion of the black version, and make the contrast of the shadow larger. The method of forming the black version of the GCR is a technique in which the gray portion of the CYM three colors is replaced with black ink.
37. Hue hue
The abbreviation H is a characteristic in which the main wavelengths of the colors are distinguished from each other.
38. Illuminance illuminance
The extent to which the light source illuminates the object.
39. Color gamut color gamut
The range of chromaticity spaces that a color device can display.
40. Chromatically resolved element just-perceptible difference
The color difference that the human eye can no longer distinguish.
41. Bright adaptation
When the light intensity of the illumination light changes, the visual function of the human eye automatically adapts to the adjustment, and the information can still be obtained normally.
42. Brightness luminance
The illuminator emits a bright intensity.
43. Luminous body illuminating body
Objects that can emit light by themselves, such as the sun, fluorescent lamps, flames, electric lights, etc.
44. Metamerism metamerism
An item with the same tristimulus value and different spectral distribution.
45. Neutral color neutral color
Neutral gray without color.
46. Dark body non-luminous body
It is not possible to illuminate by itself, and to receive the illuminating light to produce a glossy object.
47. Ming vision photopic vision
In brighter conditions only the cone acts, and this visual state is called bright vision.
48. Rod cell rod
Located in the human eye, it only works in the darker case (the brightness is less than 0.01nits), suitable for low-light vision, it has high sensitivity, low resolution, no color resolution, and its sensitivity range is 400~ 600nm.
49. Spectrophotometer spectrophotometer
A device that measures the amount of reflected or transmitted light at regular intervals throughout the visible spectrum, spectrophotometric data can be used to calculate concentration and chromaticity variables.
50. Brightness value
Referred to as V, it is the name that distinguishes the degree of shading.
51. Visual angle
The angle at which the ends of the visual target form at the pupil.
52. Field of view visual field
It is an area that can be seen in both eyes (at static).
53. Visible spectrum
Visible light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm causes a reaction in the naked eye to have a color feeling.
54. white point white point
A reference point for color balance measurement purposes in color separation, photography, or photography.
55. Xenon arc lamp xenon-arc lamps
A color source commonly used in color meters and spectrometers is used to simulate sunlight because it has an almost continuous emission spectrum in the ultraviolet and visible range.
56. Under color removal UCR (Under Color Removal)
This technology is applied to printing, which can effectively remove the color overlap of the shaded parts and adjust the midtone to balance the gray shade.
57. Tristimulus value tristimulus value
It simulates the three color stimuli of the human eye and can be matched to the color seen by standard observers under the CIE standard illuminator.
58. Spectral tristimulus values spetral tristimulus values
The tristimulus value, the tristimulus value (X, Y, Z) are the three basic values of the CIE color system, and are composed of three basic color elements such as a light source, an object, and a receiver.
59. Spectral distribution
The amount of energy emitted by the source for each spectral interval as a percentage of the total energy.
60. Dark vision scotopic vision
In the darker conditions only the stalk acts, and this visual state is called dark vision.
61. saturation saturation
The purity of color only, the more the spectrum penetrates into other light components, the less saturated it is.
62. Quartz halogen lamp quartz halogen lamp
The most commonly used light source for color measurement and spectrometer measurement, such as continuous spectrum light source and high color rendering light source.