Introduction of biodegradable plastics
The main mechanism of the principle of biodegradable plastics may be thermal degradation, photooxidative degradation, hydrolytic degradation, chemical degradation, mechanical degradation or biodegradation. These degradations cause various reactions inside the polymer, such as random bond breaking reactions, cross-linking reactions, side chain group removal reactions, depolymerization reactions, melting reactions, and substitution reactions, and the like. The goal of industrial development of plastic degradation is concentrated in two aspects. One is from the beginning of sunlight or ultraviolet (UV), called photodegradability; the other is from the biological action of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or algae, called bio- degradation.
The photodegradation process eventually leads to the formation of a large number of exposed basal groups in the plastic (as measured by the index of the base). These talks have turned around and greatly accelerated biodegradation. Studies have shown that when the base is exposed, it can be oxidized into nucleic acids. The oxidized nucleic acid is quickly metabolized by the microorganism into CO2 and water. The corresponding additives accelerate the degradation process through these two reaction mechanisms.
The photodegradation mechanism of the principle of biodegradable plastics is that the photodegradation agent is a transition metal element and contains an organic compound with a double bond. Photochemical reaction occurs under illumination, generating a radical compound, transferring hydrogen on the polymer molecule, and causing molecular chain breakage. Thereby achieving degradation of the polymer. The photodegradation agent is classified into a transition metal compound (complex) and a benzophenone compound.
The biodegradation mechanism of the principle of biodegradable plastics is that biodegradants can use the action of bacteria, fungi, and radiation bacteria to cause mechanical damage to plastic products by the growth of biological cells, or to generate new ones by acting on microorganisms. The substance, or directly erodes the components of the plastic product, produces mold, which causes the plastic to split, oxidize, and break the chain. Biodegradants are mainly starches such as corn, potatoes, and grains.
Light/biodegradable plastics are plastic products that are exposed to sunlight on the ground and undergo photodegradation according to the photodegradation mechanism. When the plastic products are in the underground soil, biodegradation occurs according to the biodegradation mechanism. Degradable plastics are made by resin + photosensitizer + photodegradation modifier or resin + biodegradable material + photosensitizer + others.
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